Profiles of inflammation factors and inflammatory pathways around the peri-miniscrew implant
Wendan He1, Huazhang Zhu2* and Chufeng Liu3*
1Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 2School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong and 3Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
*Contribute equally
Corresponding Author: Huazhang Zhu, School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China. e-mail: huazhangzhu186@cuhk.edu.hk or Chufeng Liu, Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.366 Jiangnan Da Dao South Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510260, China. e-mail: xyzmmok@smu.edu.cn
Summary. Background. Peri-miniscrew implant is a temporary assistant armamentarium for the treatment of severe malocclusion and complex tooth movement, the inflammation around it is the main reason for the failure of orthodontic treatment due to the implant loosening and falling out. Inflammation around the peri-miniscrew implant is associated with the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These pro-inflammatory cytokines, in turn, recruit immune cells (such as macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells), which can produce and release inflammatory biomarkers, regulate the interaction between immune cells, periodontal ligament cells, osteoblasts, and so on. However, there is currently no effective clinical treatment plan to prevent inflammation around implants.
Purpose. To investigate the potentially essential factors in the inflammatory response around the peri-miniscrew implant and explore the signaling pathways involved.
Methods. Here, we review the studies focused on inflammatory biomarkers (Interleukins, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs)) in peri-miniscrew implant crevicular fluid (PMICF), as well as inflammatory signaling pathways (Wnt5a, JNK, Erk1/2, NF-κBp65 and TAB/TAK) in periodontal cells from 1998 to 2020.
Results. A literature search revealed TLR-2, TLR-4, LOX-1, and BMPs are involved in regulating ILs (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17), TNF-α, RANKL, MMP-2, MMP-9 expression via JNK, Erk1/2, Wnt5a, NF-κBp65, OPN, and TAB/TAK signaling pathways. Among them, IL-1β and IL-6 are the critical inflammation factors in the signaling pathways inducing the inflammatory reaction surrounding implants. Besides, CAM-1 was also regulated by MMP-9 and IL-17.
Conclusion. There are considerable potential factors involving regulating inflammatory biomarkers on downstream signaling pathways in peri-minisrew implant crevicular fluid.
Clinical significance. This review provides the substantiation of these cell factors and signaling pathways around peri-miniscrew implants, proposes more practical clinical therapeutic ideas and schemes for improving the stability and clinical efficacy of peri-miniscrew implants. Histol Histopathol 36, 899-906 (2021)
Key words: Inflammation, Cytokines, Peri-miniscrew implant
DOI: 10.14670/HH-18-336
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©The Author(s) 2021. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons CC-BY International License. |
