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Cardiovascular Risk Scales Association with Cerebrospinal Fluid Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Low Cardiovascular Risk Regions

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Abstract

Background

Cardiovascular risk factors are associated with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) development. However, few studies compare the overall cardiovascular risk with AD biomarkers, and when done, they are mainly performed in moderate cardiovascular risk regions.

Objectives

To determine whether cardiovascular risk in older adults is associated with pathological cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD in a low cardiovascular risk population.

Design

This is a cross-sectional study performed between 2017 and 2020.

Participants

The present work included patients between 50 and 75 years old who were negative for CSF AD biomarkers and had minimum cognitive alterations (controls) and patients with positive CSF AD biomarkers and in early stages of AD (cases).

Measurements

CSF biomarkers included total tau, phosphorylated tau 181 and amyloid β42 (Aβ42). Analytical variables were obtained. ERICE, SCORE2 and Framingham scales were used to calculate the overall patient’s cardiovascular risk. The Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio and neurofilaments were explored when available.

Results

Two hundred and thirty-three patients were included. Nearly 76% of the sample had AD. AD patients had higher cardiovascular risk than controls (p-value < 0.05). ERICE and SCORE2 were associated with AD presence. Framingham was not. A correlation between elevated cardiovascular risk and higher total tau and NfL levels was observed when adjusted by age.

Conclusion

Cardiovascular risk assessment may be helpful in neurodegenerative disorders detection, as it is associated with CSF total tau and NfL. ERICE and SCORE2 may be useful scales in low cardiovascular risk regions to improve cardiovascular control and prevent neurodegenerative pathologies.

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Data Availability Statement: The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation.

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Acknowledgments

CC-P acknowledges a postdoctoral “Miguel Servet” grant CPII21/00006 and a FIS PI19/00570 grant from the Health Institute Carlos III (Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Innovation), and a predoctoral “PFIS” grant FI20/00022 from the Health Institute Carlos III. The authors are grateful to Cathedra DeCo Micof-UCH, to GINEA’s team and to all of the participants and caregivers of the study participants.

Funding

Funding: This research was funded by Cathedra DeCo Micof-UCH and by Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the project PI19/00570 (Co-funded by European Union, «A way to make Europe»). The Instituto de Salud Carlos III had no role in the design and conduct of the study; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the preparation of the manuscript; or in the review or approval of the manuscript. All the manuscript was performed by members of the Cathedra DeCo Micof-UCH.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cátedra DeCo MICOF-CEU UCH, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115, Valencia, Spain

    G. García-Lluch,  Juan Pardo Albiach, L. Moreno, M. Baquero &  Consuelo Cháfer-Pericás

  2. Department of Pharmacy, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115, Valencia, Spain

    L. Moreno

  3. Alzheimer Disease Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026, Valencia, Spain

    G. García-Lluch, C. Peña-Bautista, M. Baquero &  Consuelo Cháfer-Pericás

  4. Department of Mathematics, Physics and Technological Science, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115, Valencia, Spain

    Juan Pardo Albiach

  5. Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026, Valencia, Spain

    Juan Pardo Albiach &  Consuelo Cháfer-Pericás

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  1. G. García-Lluch
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  4. C. Peña-Bautista
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  6. Consuelo Cháfer-Pericás
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Contributions

Author Contributions: C.C-P, L.M, M.B and G.G-L designed this study. G.G-L drafted the manuscript. G.G-L, C.P-B and M.B contributed to data collection. J.P and G.G-L contributed to data analysis. C.C-P, L.M, M.B and G.G-L contributed to the interpretation of the data. C.C-P, L.M, J.P, M.B and G.G-L contributed to the final version of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Juan Pardo Albiach or Consuelo Cháfer-Pericás.

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Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

How to cite this article: G. García-Lluch, J. Pardo, L. Moreno, et al. Cardiovascular Risk Scales Association with Cerebrospinal Fluid Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Low Cardiovascular Risk Regions. J Prev Alz Dis 2024; https://doi.org/10.14283/jpad.2024.16

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García-Lluch, G., Pardo Albiach, J., Moreno, L. et al. Cardiovascular Risk Scales Association with Cerebrospinal Fluid Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Low Cardiovascular Risk Regions. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 11, 453–462 (2024). https://doi.org/10.14283/jpad.2024.16

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