Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cadmium-induced changes in epithelial cells of the rat stomach

  • Published:
Biological Trace Element Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the changes in the function and fine structure of the gastric mucosa following exposure to high cadmium (Cd) for 30 d in rats. In the present study, control antimals were fed with normal food and tap water and the remaining animals received Cd (15 ppm CdCl2) in drinking water for the same period. Receiving Cd for 30 d increased the mean blood (p<0.01) and mucosa (p<0.001) Cd levels, while decreased mucus thickness, mucin content (p<0.01) significantly. Basal acid output fell significantly (p<0.01). Light and electron microscopic examination revealed the following: (1) Cd decreases the mean number of surface mucous, isthmic-neck, parietal cells (p<0.05) and chief cells (p<0.001) per unit from the control value and (2) in some cells of zymogenic unit, the Cd-induced alterations were characterized with dilated Golgi cisternae, focal enlarged endoplasmic reticulum, broken tubulovesicles, degenerated mitochondria, dense nuclei, as well as lysosomal structures. We concluded that Cd augments the elimination rate of zymogenic unit’s cells by increasing the alteration rate, and the reduced basal acid output, mucin content, and mucus thickness can be explained easily with the loss of zymogenic unit’s cell population.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. E. Szymanska and T. Laskowska-Klita, Effect of cadmium (CdCl2) on lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes, Acta Biochim. Pol. 40, 144–146 (1993).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. S. Kobayashi and M. Kimura, Effect of orally administered cadmium on alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in rat tissues, J. Pharmacobio-Dyn. 8, 853–863 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. T. Maitani, M. P. Waalkes, and C. D. Klaassen, Distribution of cadmium after oral administration of cadmium-thionein to mice, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 74, 237–243 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. G. Öner, V. N. İzgüt-Uysal, and Ü. K. Şentürk, Role of lipid peroxidation in cadmium-induced impairment of the gastric mucosal barrier, Fd. Chem. Toxicol. 32, 799–804 (1994).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. D. Manca, A. C. Ricard, B. Trottier, and C. Chevalier, Studies on lipid peroxidation in rat tissues following administration of low and moderate doses of cadmium chloride, Toxicology 67, 303–323 (1991).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. D. M. Dhavale, V. B. Masurekar, and B. A. Gridhar, Cadmium induced inhibition of Na+/K+ ATPase activity in tissues of crab scylla serrata (Forskal), Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 40, 759–763 (1988).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. M. Tatsuta, H. Iishi, and Sh. Okuda, Effect of cigarette smoking on extent of acid-secreting area and intestinal metaplasia in the stomach, Dig. Dis. Sci. 33, 23–29 (1988).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. J. C. Roxburg, P. F. Whitfield, and M. Hobsley, Effect of acute cigarette smoking on gastric secretion, Gut 33, 1170–1173 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  9. P. V. V. Prasada Rao, Effects of cadmium inhalation on mitochondrial enzymes in rat tissues, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 17, 191–199 (1986).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. K. Matsuura, M. Takasugi, and Y. Kunıfujı, et al., Morphological effects of cadmium on proximal tubular cells in rats, Biol. Trace Element Res. 31, 171–182 (1991).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. E. Quintero, J. Kaunitz, Y. Nishizaki, et al., Uraemia increases gastric mucosal permeability and acid back-diffusion injury in the rat, Gastroenterology 103, 1762–1768 (1992).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. R. Doi, P. Chowdhury, M. Nishikawa, and Ph. L. Rayford, Tissue distribution of cadmium-109 after tracheal and gastric administration in rats, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 51, 619–624 (1993).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Sh. M. Karam, Dynamics of epithelial cells in the corpus of the mouse stomach: IV. Bidirectional migration of parietal cells ending in their gradual degeneration and loss, Anat. Rec. 236, 314–332 (1993).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Sh. M. Karam and Ch. Ph. Leblond, Dynamics of epithelial cells in the corpus of the mouse stomach, I. Identification of proliferative cell types and pinpoing of the stem cell, Anat. Rec. 236, 259–279 (1993).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. W. Wattel and J. J. Geuze, Ultrastructural and carbohydrate histochemical studies on the differentiation and renewal of mucous cells in the rat gastric fundus, Cell. Tissue Res. 176, 445–462 (1977).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Sh. M. Karam and Ch. Ph. Leblond, Dynamics of epithelial cells in the corpus of the mouse stomach: II. Outward migration of pit cells, Anat. Rec. 236, 280–296 (1993).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. S. Corne, S. M. Morrissey, and R. J. Woods, A method for quantitative estimation of gastric barrier mucus, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 242, 1169–79 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  18. E. Gurr, Biological Staining Methods, Searle Diagnostic Gurr Products, Buckinghamshire (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Sh. M. Karam and Ch. Ph. Leblond, Identifying and counting epithelial cell types in the corpus of the mouse stomach, Anat. Rec. 232, 231–246 (1992).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. J. J. Bozzola and L. D. Russel, Electron Microscopy Principles and Techniques for Biologists, Jones and Bartlett, Boston (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  21. G. Öner, V. N. İzgüt, and Ü. K. Şentürk, The susceptibility to stress-induced gastric injury of rats exposed to cadmium, Biol. Trace Element Res. 47, 219–223 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  22. M. Asar, Ü. A. Kayışlı, and V. N. İzgüt, et al., The cadmium induced changes in parietal cell structure and functions of rats, Biol. Trace Element Res. 74, 153–170 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Y. Nıshızakı, P. H. Guth, and J. D. Kaunitz, Isoproterenol enhances rat gastric mucosal barrier function in vivo, Gastroenterology 105, 340–346 (1993).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. S. J. Konturek, Gastric cytoprotection, Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 20, 543–553 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. H. V. Davenport, Is the apparent hyposecretion of acid by patients with gastric ulcer a consequence of a broken barrier to diffusion of hydrogen ions into the gastric mucosa? Gut 6, 509–513 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Sh. M. Karam and Ch. Ph. Leblond, Dynamics of epithelial cells in the corpus of the mouse stomach: III. Inward migration of neck cells followed by progressive transformation into zymogenic cells, Anat. Rec. 236, 297–313 (1993).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. H. F. Helander, R. Leth, and L. Olbe, Stereological investigations on human gastric mucosa; 1. Normal oxyntic mucosa, Anat. Rec. 216, 373–380 (1986).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Sh. M. Karam and J. G. Forte, Inhibiting gastric H+-K+-ATPase activity by omeprazole promotes degeneration and production of parietal cells, Am. J. Physiol. 266, G745-G758 (1994).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. G. M. Cooper, The Cell, Protein Sorting and Transport, the Endoplasmic Reticulum, ASM, New York, pp. 347–364 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  30. S. N. Fedhenko, Structural and metabolic changes in the chief gastric glandulocytes in disturbed hormonal balance, Ark. Anat. Gistol. Embriol. 81, 67–75 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  31. M. Kressin, Ultrastructure of the zymogenic-cell lineage in abomasal mucosa of adult cattle, Anat. Histol. Embryol. 26, 217–222 (1997).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. J. F. Sina and B. Chin, Cadmium modification of nucleolar ultrastructure and RNA synthesis in physarum polycephalum, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 43, 449–459 (1978).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. E. Puvion and M. Lange, Functional significance of perichromatin granule accumulation induced by cadmium chloride in isolated rat liver cells, Exp. Cell. Res. 128, 47–58 (1980).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. K. Ree, H. E. Rugstad, and A. Bakka, Ultrastructural changes in the nucleus of a human epithelial cell line exposed to cytotoxic agents. The effect of PUVA and cadmium, Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Immunol. Scand. (A) 90, 427–435 (1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. H. Tatsumi, H. Fujita, and S. Tamura, Electron-microscopic studies on the physiological cell loss in the gastric mucosa of the golden hamster, Cell Tissue Res. 239, 343–347 (1985).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. J. E. Repin, A. Bast, and I. Lankhorst, et al., Oxidative stress in COPD, Am. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 156, 341–57 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  37. S. G. Jenkinson, Free radical effects on lung metabolism, Clin. Chest. Med. 10, 37–47 (1989).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. P. K. Singal, A. Petkau, S. Hrushovetz, and J. Foerster, Free radicals in health and disease, Mol. Cell Biochem. 84, 121–122 (1988).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. H. P. Witschi, Cell injury and repair in the lung, in Mechanisms of Cell Injury: Implications for Human Health, B. A. Fowler, ed., New York, Wiley, pp. 193–208 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  40. C. G. Gairola, Cadmium-enriched cigarette smoke-induced cytological and biochemical alterations in rat lungs, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 27, 317–329 (1989).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Akadeniz, Antalya, Turkey

    Mevlüt Asar & Ümit Alı Kayisli

  2. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Akadeniz, Antalya, Turkey

    V. Nımet İzgüt-Uysal & Gülsen Öner

  3. Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey

    Mehmet Kaya & Saıt Polat

Authors
  1. Mevlüt Asar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ümit Alı Kayisli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. V. Nımet İzgüt-Uysal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Gülsen Öner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Mehmet Kaya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Saıt Polat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Asar, M., Kayisli, Ü.A., Nımet İzgüt-Uysal, V. et al. Cadmium-induced changes in epithelial cells of the rat stomach. Biol Trace Elem Res 77, 65–81 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1385/BTER:77:1:65

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/BTER:77:1:65

Index Entries

Search

Navigation