HMGB1-Promoted and TLR2/4-Dependent NK Cell Maturation and Activation Take Part in Rotavirus-Induced Murine Biliary Atresia
Figure 2
Synthesis and release of HMGB1 induced by RRV infection on cultured cholangiocytes.
(A) Release of HMGB1 from the nuclei of cholangiocytes was detected after rhesus-rotavirus (RRV) infection at different time points by immunocytofluorescent staining. Representative images are showing the location relationship between HMGB1 (red) and nuclei (blue) at 0, 12, 24 and 36 hours after RRV infection. White arrows are showing the location of HMGB1 during release. The scale bar = 20 µm. (B) Immunocytofluorescent staining of HMGB1 in the nuclei of cultured cholangiocytes at 12, 24 and 36 hours after RRV infection. Cells in the control group were incubated with vehicle medium. The upper panels represent nuclei (blue), the middle panels represent HMGB1 staining (red), the lower panels represent overlays. The scale bar = 50 µm. (C) Quantification of the mRNA levels of HMGB1 in cultured cholangiocytes at 12, 24 and 36 hours after RRV infection. The values were normalized to GAPDH. (D) Concentration of released HMGB1 in the culture medium at 12, 24 and 36 hours after RRV infection. Four independent samples are tested in each group and each sample is run in triplicate. **p<0.01. The values were expressed as mean ± SD.