The Th17/Treg Ratio, IL-1RA and sCD14 Levels in Primary HIV Infection Predict the T-cell Activation Set Point in the Absence of Systemic Microbial Translocation
Figure 1
Longitudinal follow-up of CD8 T-cell activation, CD4 cell counts and of plasma HIV-RNA levels in patients with primary HIV infection.
At baseline (Panel A), frequencies of CD38+HLA-DR+ CD8 T cells were compared in patients that remained untreated during the 6-month follow-up (n = 13, Untreated) and in patients that have been subsequently treated before M6 (n = 12, Subsequently treated). CD8 T-cell activation was longitudinally assessed in untreated patients (n = 13) by measuring the frequency of CD38+HLA-DR+ cells (Panel B) and of Ki-67+ cells (Panel C) among CD8+ T cells at baseline, day 15 (D15), month 1 (M1), month 3 (M3) and month 6 (M6). Panel D illustrates the proportion of CD38+HLA-DR+ cells among CD8 T cells in untreated patients, in ART-treated patients at M6 and in healthy controls (n = 14). CD4 T cell counts (Panel E) and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels (Panel F) were plotted as a function of time during the 6 months of follow-up in treated (blue lines) and untreated (red lines) patients. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Wilcoxon rank tests were performed and p values are indicated between indicated time points for untreated patients (Panels B, C, E, F). Mann-Whitney tests were performed to compare groups of patients (Panels A and D).