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Global Migration Dynamics Underlie Evolution and Persistence of Human Influenza A (H3N2)

Figure 2

Genealogy of 2165 influenza A (H3N2) viruses sampled from 1998 to 2009.

Each point represents a sampled virus sequence, and the color of the point shows the location where it was sampled. Samples are explicitly dated on the -axis. Tracing a vertical line gives a contemporaneous cross-section of virus isolates. The genealogy is sorted so that lineages that leave more descendants are placed higher on the -axis than other, less successful lineages. This sorting places the trunk along a rough diagonal, and it places lineages that are more genetically similar to the trunk higher on the -axis than lineages that are farther away from the trunk. The tree shown is the highest posterior tree generated by the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) procedure implemented in the software program Migrate v3.0.8 [14], [20].

Figure 2

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000918.g002