Anaplasma phagocytophilum Ats-1 Is Imported into Host Cell Mitochondria and Interferes with Apoptosis Induction
Figure 3
Ats-1 localizes with mitochondria in host cells.
A and B. Triple immunofluorescence labeling of A. phagocytophilum-infected human neutrophils (A) and HL-60 cells (B) using horse anti-A. phagocytophilum (Anaplasma; Cy3, red), rabbit anti-Ats-1 (Ats-1; Alexa Fluor 488, green) and monoclonal anti-Mn-Sod (Mn-Sod; Alexa Fluor 350, gray pseudocolor). Arrowheads indicate Ats-1 and mitochondria colocalization. Scale bar: 5 µm. C and D. Negative controls for Ats-1 or Mn-Sod staining in A. phagocytophilum–infected HL-60. A. phagocytophilum–infected HL-60 cells were stained with primary antibodies, horse anti-A. phagocytophilum, and rabbit anti-Ats-1 (C), or monoclonal anti-Mn-Sod (D), then stained with secondary antibodies, Cy3-conjugated goat anti-horse IgG, Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG, and Alexa Fluor 350-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (gray pseudocolor). Arrowhead indicates secreted Ats-1. Scale bar: 5 µm.