Humanin Protects RPE Cells from Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis by Upregulation of Mitochondrial Glutathione
Fig 7
Elevation of mitochondrial superoxide by TM-induced ER stress and decreased mitochondrial superoxide with HN co-treatment.
Confluent hRPE cells were pretreated for 12 hours with or without 10 μg/mL HN. Cells were then treated with 10 μg/mL HN and/or 10 μg/mL TM for 12 hours. Increased superoxide in mitochondria is shown by Mitosox labeling (red) against an ER counter-stain (blue). Scale bar: 10 μm in ER Tracker, MitoSox and Merged panels, and 5 μm in enlarged panels.