Vitamin D Supplementation Reduces Intimal Hyperplasia and Restenosis following Coronary Intervention in Atherosclerotic Swine
Fig 4
Immunofluorescence of α-SMA expression in post balloon angioplasty coronary arteries in experimental groups.
Vitamin D-deficient high cholesterol diet (panels A-C), vitamin D-sufficient high cholesterol diet + 1000 IU vitamin D group (panels E-G) and () vitamin D-sufficient high cholesterol diet + 3000 IU vitamin D supplemental group (panels H-J). Sections were stained using mouse anti-alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) antibody and goat anti-mouse cy3 as secondary antibody (panels A, E, D). DAPI was used to stain the nuclei (panels B, F, I. DAPI overlay with mouse anti-α-SMA antibody and goat anti-mouse cy3 as secondary antibody (panels C, G, J). Strong expression of α-SMA was found in the neointimal area as well as in media. Scale bar 100 μm; L: lumen, M: medial layer, NI: neointima (N = 4).