Exercise Improves Host Response to Influenza Viral Infection in Obese and Non-Obese Mice through Different Mechanisms
Fig 5
Lung cell composition in response to influenza infection is altered by exercise treatment in obese and non-obese mice.
Subsets of mice from each treatment group were infected with A/PR/8/34 then euthanized at the indicated time points post-infection. Total cell infiltration was quantified and percentages of the specific immune cell populations were characterized in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid using flow cytometry. The percentage of each cell population is expressed as percent of gated parent population per total BAL cells. 5A) Percentage of macrophages, dendritic cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC’s) were detected at d1 p.i., 5B) macrophages, dendritic cells, pDC’s, neutrophils, NK cells, TNFα/iNOS producing dendritic cells (TipDC’s) and inflammatory monocytes were similarly detected at d3 p.i. 5C) At d8 p.i., the percentage of macrophages, dendritic cells, inflammatory monocytes, neutrophils, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells were also determined. The acronym ‘n.d.’ indicates that the cell population was not-detectable in the non-infected group. Based on the results of a two-way ANOVA, a significant (p < 0.05) interaction between diet and exercise (d X e*) was determined (d X e+; p < 0.1); d* indicates a significant main effect of diet at p < 0.05, (d+; p < 0.10); e* indicates a significant main effect of exercise at p < 0.05 (e+; p < 0.10). Sample size (n) is 5–13 per infected group; n = 1–3 for the non-infected groups. Data shown as mean ± SEM. Results are representative of two separate experiments.