How the Venom from the Ectoparasitoid Wasp Nasonia vitripennis Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Properties on Mammalian Cell Lines
Figure 2
Effect of N. vitripennis venom on IL-6 production in LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 cells.
(A) Cells were stimulated with LPS (1 µg/ml) for 6 hours, alone or after 15 minutes pre-incubation with various concentrations of venom. IL-6 produced and released into the culture medium was assayed by ELISA. (B) Cells were stimulated with LPS (1 µg/ml) alone or with indicated amount of venom for 6 hours. Total RNA was isolated and mRNA expression level of IL-6 was determined by qRT-PCR. hPRT1 and cyclophilin were used to normalize the data. The data are expressed as the mean ±S.D. of three biological replicates. Normality was confirmed by a Shapiro-Wilk test (W = 0.7617 for A; W = 0.8673 for B). * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001, **** p<0.0001 versus LPS alone, ANOVA with Bonferroni posthoc test.