Combining Stressors That Individually Impede Long-Term Memory Blocks All Memory Processes
Figure 4
Behavioural assessment of intermediate-term and long-term memory.
Mean (± SEM) number of pneumostome opening attempts during training (TR1 and TR2) and the test for intermediate-term memory 3 h following training (A to D: test @ 3 h) or long-term memory 24 h following training (E to H: test @ 24 h). Lymnaea were exposed to:control conditions (white bars: A: N = 18; E: N = 13); low calcium availability (pale grey bars: B: N = 18; F: N = 12); crowding (dark grey bars: C: N = 18; G: N = 12) or a combination of low calcium availability and crowded conditions (black bars: D: N = 18; H: N = 12). ** = significant difference between the first training session (TR1) and second training session (TR2) or the memory test (P<0.01, paired t-test).