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The Insecticide Imidacloprid Causes Mortality of the Freshwater Amphipod Gammarus pulex by Interfering with Feeding Behavior

Figure 1

Feeding, lipid content, and survival of Gammarus pulex under constant exposure to imidacloprid.

Imidacloprid concentrations in medium (I), cumulative food consumption (II), mobile fraction of individuals, and lipid content (% of total wet weight) of Gammarus pulex (III) in the constant treatments (C) and controls of 14-day and 21-day experiments. Pie charts show the percentage of dead and immobile individuals amongst those removed from the beakers (non-mobile individuals = immobile+dead).

Figure 1

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062472.g001