Tin Oxide Nanowires Suppress Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Entry and Cell-to-Cell Membrane Fusion
Figure 3
SnO2 inhibits HSV-1 entry into HCE cells.
HCE cells were mock treated or treated with SnO2 and exposed to HSV-1 at an MOI of 10 for 6 hours. A) After 6 hours of infection cells were washed, permeabilized and incubated with ONPG substrate for quantification of β-galactosidase activity from the viral genome. A dosage dependent decrease in entry was noted in cells as minimal entry occurred. B) X-gal staining of HCE cells. HCE cells grown in a 6-well plated were pretreated with SnO2 before being challenged with HSV-1 for 6 hours. Cells were washed with PBS, fixed, permeabilized and incubated with X-gal, yielding blue cells. Infected cells were imaged at 10× objective using Zeiss Axiovert microscope. C) The average number of infected cells in SnO2 treated cells is significantly lower than mock treated cells.