ATP Release from Dying Autophagic Cells and Their Phagocytosis Are Crucial for Inflammasome Activation in Macrophages
Figure 6
Analysis of upstream mechanisms of NALP3 inflammasome activation in peritoneal macrophages engulfing dying autophagic cells.
(A) Primed resident macrophages were co-incubated with dying autophagic (AU) cells in the presence of KCl. Macrophages were treated with adenosine diphosphatase (apyrase) (B) and purinergic receptor inhibitor (KN-62) (C), or pannexin-1 channel inhibitor (CBX) (D) and co-incubated with IL-3-depleted dying autophagic cells. (B, D) ATP concentrations in culture media, (E) ATP concentrations in conditioned medium (CM) collected from Ba/F3 cells after 6 h of IL-3 depletion and CBX treated/non-treated dying AU cells (without macrophages). In parts A, B, C and D, control cells are primed macrophages but not co-incubated with any type of Ba/F3 cells. Data represent the mean ± SEM of pooled data from three experiments for A, two experiments for B, four experiments for C and D, and three experiments for E; experiments were performed in triplicates; (**p<0.01,**** p<0.0001).