Receivers Limit the Prevalence of Deception in Humans: Evidence from Diving Behaviour in Soccer Players
Figure 2
Detection of deception across leagues.
(A) The mean proportion of total dives that were rewarded by the referee with a free-kick and the mean dive frequency of 10 matches in each league (n = 6). (B) Separated in to dives or tackles, the mean proportion that were rewarded by the referee across matches (n = 10) within each league. Leagues (A – F) are not identified due to ethical considerations. Standard error bars are presented. Black solid line indicates R2 however Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, rho, was used to calculate significance. Asterisks denote significant differences based on Paired-Wilcoxen signed rank tests (P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001).