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Odor-Based Recognition of Familiar and Related Conspecifics: A First Test Conducted on Captive Humboldt Penguins (Spheniscus humboldti)

Figure 1

Mean time (sec + SEM) inside kennels containing preen-gland odors.

(a) Odors from familiar and unfamiliar non-kin (n = 10). (b) Odors from unfamiliar kin and non-kin (n = 12). * P<0.05 **P<0.01.

Figure 1

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025002.g001