Mammalian Stem Cells Reprogramming in Response to Terahertz Radiation
Figure 2
Gene specific effect of THz irradiation in mouse stem cell cultures.
a) Gene expression profiling of MSC cells in response to 9 hours of THz exposure. Of ∼21,000 annotated genes represented in the Affymetrix mouse genome microarray, 1050 were underexpressed (red) and 1154 were overexpressed (green) with statistical significance p<0.05 as compared to the non-irradiated parallel control; b) RT-PCR measurement for selected genes. The relative level of gene expression in response to 9 hours exposure of MSC to THz radiation normalized to the TBP gene. The identity of the genes is shown below the bars. Cells without THz treatment served as control. The experimental results are consistent between three independent RT-PCR measurements in duplicates and in two different sets of irradiation. Brown bars – THz irradiated cells; blue bars – control cells. The table lists the S-Scores (representing the change in expression level in response to THz irradiation compared to the nonirradiated control) for these genes derived from the Affymetrix mouse genome microarray. c) The temperature was monitored using an IR detector, and separately using thermo-sensors glued to the outside of the petri dish lids. The temperature at the end of irradiation for the control plate with cells (c-79.40F) and the THz irradiated cells (THz-79.90F) is shown above the snap shots panels (snap shots are from the IR detectors in Fahrenheit). d) RT-PCR measurements for selected genes in response to 2, 4, and 9 hours irradiation. RNA levels are normalized to the TBP gene. The identity of the gene is shown at the top. The duration of irradiation is shown below the bars in hours (h). The number of specific transcripts is shown on the vertical axis in relative units [R.U.]. The RT-PCR results are consistent between two independent sets of measurements in duplicates.