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Ecological and Control Techniques for Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) Associated with Rodent Reservoirs of Leishmaniasis

Figure 2

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) of feces of wild jirds, tissue of the plant fed on by jirds, and individual wild adult sand flies that had been collected near jird burrows or reared in the laboratory as larvae on field-collected jird feces.

Hierarchical cluster analysis identified 3 significantly different groups of samples based on δ13C and δ15N values. The cluster circled in red contained feces of wild jirds, tissue of the plant fed on by jirds, individual sand flies reared in the laboratory as larvae on field-collected jird feces, and 50.0% of the sand flies captured near the jird burrows. The clusters circled in blue and yellow contained 36.4% and 13.6% of the sand flies captured near the jird burrows, respectively.

Figure 2

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002434.g002