A Novel Tool for the Assessment of Pain: Validation in Low Back Pain
Figure 3
Association patterns of pain-related symptoms and signs.
Circles indicate the presence of symptoms and signs, with empty circles denoting a sensory deficit. The diameter of the circles reflects the relative frequency of each symptom or sign in a patient cluster independent of the intensity of pain associated with the symptom or sign, or the severity of sensory loss. Closely related items are grouped, for example the responses to stimulation with the von Frey filaments of 2.0-g and 26.0-g strength.