Forward-Time Simulations of Human Populations with Complex Diseases
Figure 3
Validation of Trajectory Lengths
Mean, 5%, and 95% quantile of the length of trajectories of a mutant under different selection pressure. The mutant starts at allele frequency 0.1, evolves backward in time in a constant population with size N = 5,000, and is subjected to constant selection pressure with a selection coefficient s of −0.001 to 0.001, until it is lost or fixed. The red smooth curve represents theoretical estimates of the mean number of generations before this mutant is lost or fixed. Note that the simulated trajectories that are fixed or have more than one mutant at generation 1 are also accepted, in accordance with the theoretical estimates.