Integrin Clustering Is Driven by Mechanical Resistance from the Glycocalyx and the Substrate
Figure 3
Membrane deformations in response to integrin-ligand bonds.
The membrane surface is depicted in the presence of one, two, or three bonds with a rigid substrate (xy- and z- coordinates are not to scale); σs = 1000 pN/nm, lg = 45 nm, σg = 0.01 pN/nm. The inlays are the corresponding xy- contour maps of the z- membrane displacements. Note that larger areas of the membrane are brought in closer proximity to the ECM substrate when more bonds are placed in close proximity to each other.