Language

BOOK NOTICES 199 morphology (reminiscent ofe.g. Tagalog) as a mechanism serving to identify a subject as having reached SpecIP/SpecAgrP as a result of diathetic change. In other words, Austronesian focus morphology is a type of agreement morphology. If the traditional view that voice in IE languages is similar to Austronesian focus is correct, H's analysis of Seediq focus may have relevance for the analysis of IE languages as well. H's guiding pnnciple is to test generative theory on its explanatory power and its capacity to describe Seediq simply and economically. If it fails the test, it is rejected: In Ch. 5, H argues that an antisymmetric minimalist analysis of Seediq syntax is 'at best unnecessarily complex, and at worst misleading' (106). Instead, Seediq syntax is described with a list ofwellmotivated principles and parameters, but against traditional PP theory, H argues that Case-marking within the VP is language-specific; that subject movement is not conditioned by Case-requirements but rather by the principle that each clause must have a subject, which in turn implies that there is movement from one Case-position to another. In Ch. 6 H proposes a morphological model in which the itemand -arrangement model is adapted and combined with a theory of markedness. This system accounts for the mixture of simple and portmanteau affixes in Seediq verbal morphology and explains its irregularities Seediq (morpho-) phonology is analyzed in Ch 7 using the insights of prosodie morphology and autosegmental phonology. As its title indicates, this book is not a reference grammar. For one thing, the Seediq material that is presented is not very rich: it is always part of the analytical argument so illustrations are only given when necessary, and they are often minimally different . However, this should not be taken to mean that the book is too theory-specific to be of interest to a general public of linguists, because it really does inform us about the unique properties of Seediq. Moreover , H's crisp style and transparent exposition make the book read like a novel. [Marian Klamer, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.] Tutorials in bilingualism: Psycholinguistic perspectives. Ed. by Annette M.B. de Groot and Judith F. Kroll. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1997. Pp. viii, 372. This book offers twelve tutorial reviews on topics in the study of bilingualism from the psychological perspective. The first four chapters (19-142) are grouped under the heading 'second language acquisition ' . Birgit Harley and Wenxia Wang analyze the critical period hypothesis and review the evidence and explanations of age-related effects on first and second language acquisition. Nick C. Ellis and Nadine Laporte concern themselves with questions about the distinction between implicit and explicit learning and teaching of second languages; for each question, they review the relevant theories and evidence from field and laboratory studies. Norman Segalowitz draws together theories and evidence from applied linguistics, cognitive psychology, and neuropsychology in his quest for an account of individual differences in ultimate attainment among second-language learners. Brian MacWhinney expounds on his empincist view on language acquisition and how his computationally-implementable competition model explains language transfer phenomena . The competition model is often hailed as a framework that allows a unified treatment of acquisition and processing issues, so this chapter serves as a bridge between the above chapters on acquisition and the following group of five chapters (145-276) on bilingual language processing, the editors' own area of specialization. Marii yn Chapnik Smith tackles the one-lexiconor -two question about the storage of word forms in bilinguals; she also reviews the evidence for separate representations of word form and meaning in monolinguals and for the existence of an orthographic lexicon in readers of shallow orthographies. The editors co-author a chapter where they first summarize the evidence for, and the challenges to, the 'revised hierarchical model' of bilingual memory and then sketch a new model which posits an additional intermediate lemma level and admits distributed representations at both the meaning and word form levels. Nanda Poulisse compares how various proposed models of bilingual language production account for the characteristic behavioral differences between first- and second-language production François Grosjean writes about the psycholinguistics of language mixing ; he discusses...