The evolution of an entirely green analytical system for industrial quality control of carbonated drinks is described. The developed flow system is capable of providing analytical data of the dissolved CO2, sucrose, and color of a sample consecutively in real-time. The system has been carefully designed on the basis of “reagent-free”, meaning that no added chemicals are required for the analysis. The system first vaporizes CO2 from the soft drink in a gas–liquid separation chamber, with a channel for a flow of pure water as the CO2 acceptor. The dissolved CO2 alters the conductivity of the water stream, which is directly related to the concentration of CO2 in the soft drink. The sucrose content is measured based on the “schlieren effect”, the sample plug flows out of the vaporization chamber into a colorimeter with a near-infrared/light-emitting diode (NIR/LED) as light source. The schlieren effect arises at the boundary of pure water and soft drink with refraction of light in proportion to the sugar concentration. The system also measures the absorbance of the sample using an RGB-LED. The related principles and preliminary experiments as proof of concept are described as well as the construction of the flow system for this completely reagent-free analyzer. A simple flow injection system using the schlieren effect was also developed for rapid quantitative analysis of sugar in noncarbonated soft drinks.
Conference
Asian Chemical Congress (14 ACC), 14th, Bangkok, Thailand, 2011-09-05–2011-09-08
References
1 10.1021/ar010065m, P. T. Anastas, M. M. Kirchhoff. Acc. Chem. Res.35, 686 (2002).Search in Google Scholar
2 P. T. Anastas, J. C. Warner. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press, New York (1998).Search in Google Scholar
3 10.1039/b926439f, M. Tobiszewski, A. Mechlinska, J. Namiesnik. Chem. Soc. Rev.39, 2869 (2010).Search in Google Scholar
4 S. Armenta, S. Garrigues, M. de la Guadia. Trac27, 497 (2008).10.1016/j.trac.2008.05.003Search in Google Scholar
5 10.1007/s00216-010-4296-1, M. Urbanowicz, B. Zabiegala, J. Naiesnik. Anal. Bioanal. Chem.399, 277 (2011).Search in Google Scholar
6 10.1016/j.aca.2011.11.044, W. R. Melchert, B. F. Reis, F. R. P. Rocha. Anal. Chim. Acta714, 8 (2012).Search in Google Scholar
7 10.1016/S0003-2670(00)83937-9, J. Ruzicka, G. D. Marshall. Anal. Chim. Acta237, 329 (1990).Search in Google Scholar
8 10.1016/j.aca.2010.01.021, S. Teerasong, S. Chan-Eam, K. Sereenonchai, N. Amornthammarong, N. Ratanawimarnwong, D. Nacapricha. Anal. Chim. Acta668, 47 (2010).Search in Google Scholar
9 M. Shachman. The Soft Drinks Companion: A Technical Handbook for the Beverage Industry, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2005).Search in Google Scholar
10 M. Bhuyan. Measurement and Control in Food Processing, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton (2007).Search in Google Scholar
11 D. A. Skoog. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Saunders, New York (1985).Search in Google Scholar
12 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlieren.Search in Google Scholar
13 10.1016/S0160-9327(97)01029-6, J. Rienitz. Endeavour21, 77 (1997).Search in Google Scholar
14 J . Ruzicka, E. H. Hansen. Flow Injection Analysis, John Wiley, New York (1988).Search in Google Scholar
15 Z. Fang. Flow Injection Separation and Preconcentration, VCH, Weinheim (1993).Search in Google Scholar
16 10.1016/j.talanta.2005.06.071, A. C. B. Dias, E. P. Borges, E. A. G. Zagatto, P. J. Worsfold. Talanta68, 1076 (2006).Search in Google Scholar
17 10.1016/S0003-2670(00)83550-3, E. A. G. Zagatto, M. A. Z. Arruda, A. O. Jacintho, J. L. Mattos. Anal. Chim. Acta234, 153 (1990).Search in Google Scholar
18 10.1039/an9770200503, F. J. Krug, H. Bergamin Filho, E. A. G. Zagatto, S. Storgaard Jørgensen. Analyst102, 503 (1977).Search in Google Scholar
19 10.1016/S0003-2670(97)00371-1, I. D. McKelvie, D. M. W. Peat, G. P. Matthews, P. J. Worsfold. Anal. Chim. Acta351, 265 (1997).Search in Google Scholar
20 10.1016/S0003-2670(03)00682-2, P. S. Ellis, A. J. Lyddy-Meaney, P. J. Worsfold, I. D. McKelvie. Anal. Chim. Acta499, 81 (2003).Search in Google Scholar
21 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.05.008, P. S. Ellis, B. S. Gentle, M. R. Grace, I. D. McKelvie. Talanta79, 830 (2009).Search in Google Scholar
22 10.1016/S0003-2670(00)83550-3, E. A. G. Zagatto, M. A. Z. Arruda, A. O. Jacintho, J. L. Mattos. Anal. Chim. Acta234, 153 (1990).Search in Google Scholar
23 10.1039/an9780300897, D. Betteridge, E. L. Dagless, B. Fields, N. F. Graves. Analyst103, 897 (1978).Search in Google Scholar
24 10.1021/ac00292a060, J. Pawliszyn. Anal. Chem.58, 243 (1986).Search in Google Scholar
25 10.1021/ac00175a031, J. Pawliszyn. Anal. Chem.58, 2796 (1988).Search in Google Scholar
26 10.1021/ac00127a063, J. Pawliszyn. Anal. Chem.58, 3207 (1986).Search in Google Scholar
27 10.1016/S0003-2670(00)83937-9, J. Ruzicka, G. D. Marshall. Anal. Chim. Acta237, 329 (1990).Search in Google Scholar
28 V. W. Sachon. Brewing and Beverage Industry International (Magazine, no. 5, 2007). http://www.hach.com/fmmimghach?/19918/1.Search in Google Scholar
29 F. M. Cash, G. P. Broski, P. J. Slier. Gases and Instrumentation (Magazine, January/February 2008). http://www.gasesmag.com/articles.php?pid=19.Search in Google Scholar
30 10.1155/S1463924695000186, E. Ljunggren, B. Karlberg. J. Autom. Chem.17, 105 (1995).Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
31 http://www.automaatika.ee/pdf/71-CO2.pdf.].Search in Google Scholar
32 10.1016/j.aca.2007.06.036, K. Sereenonchai, P. Saetear, N. Amornthammarong, K. Uraisin, P. Wilairat, S. Motomizu, D. Nacapricha. Anal. Chim. Acta597, 157 (2007).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
33 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.01.057, K. Sereenonchai, S. Teerasong, S. Chan-Eam, P. Saetear, N. Choengchan, K. Uraisin, N. Amornthammaron, S. Motomizu, D. Nacapricha. Talanta81, 1040 (2010).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
34 10.1002/tcr.201100039, T. D. Mai, P. C. Hauser. Chem. Rec.12, 106 (2012).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
35 10.1021/ac00151a021, S. Motomizu, K. Tôei, T. Kuwaki, M. Oshima. Anal. Chem.59, 2930 (1987).Search in Google Scholar
© 2013 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
