Factors Affecting the Primary Sex Ratio in Cows

Hisataka Iwata

doi:10.1274/jmor.29.96

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Hisataka Iwata^1,*

¹Tokyo University of Agriculture, Kanagawa 243-0037, Japan

^*e-mail: h1iwata@nodai.ac.jp

Abstract

In the dairy and beef cattle industries, artificial insemination and embryo transfer are common. Many studies have demonstrated a skewed sex ratio in the calves derived from assisted reproductive technologies. During the period between insemination and calving, insemination condition and the environment in which embryo development occurs are believed to affect the sex of an embryo. This short review looks at studies of factors that have been reported to affect the primary sex ratio of bovine embryos, including the timing of insemination, sperm and oocyte status, and maternal conditions.

Citation Download Citation

Hisataka Iwata "Factors Affecting the Primary Sex Ratio in Cows," Journal of Mammalian Ova Research 29(3), 96-102, (1 October 2012). https://doi.org/10.1274/jmor.29.96

Received: 20 February 2012; Accepted: 6 April 2012; Published: 1 October 2012