Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Tip Position: A Novel Empirical-Ultrasonographical Index in a Modern Surgical Oncology Department

  • Palliative Care
  • Published:
Annals of Surgical Oncology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

The correct positioning of ultrasound-guided, peripherally inserted central catheters (UGPICCs) is essential to avoid multiple complications. We describe for the first time a retrospective study to evaluate a novel and easy transabdominal ultrasound-guided approach, so-called “Marano index,” to place the UGPICCs tip correctly, making oncological surgeons able to obtain a high successful initial placement rate without postinsertion chest radiography.

Methods

We examined the placement of UGPICCs applying, in 53 patients, the “Marano index.” The tip catheter location was controlled by postprocedural chest radiography. Sensitivity, positive predictive value, and accuracy of index application also were calculated and compared with radiographic findings.

Results

The ultrasonographic-guided insertion was successful in all patients (100 %). The identification of catheter inside the inferior vena cava was registered in 50 patients (94.3 %), and in all cases it was clear the precise catheter placement, after Marano index application, with the real tip position and the concordance between postprocedural radiography in 100 % of cases. The overall accuracy of this novel empirical-ultrasonographical index was 94 %, with positive predictive value of 94 % and sensitivity of 100 %.

Conclusions

This technique, once validated in a larger cohort, would allow the insertion of UGPICC without radiologic confirmation in selected patients with an adequate ultrasound body habitus. This would avoid unneeded radiation exposure from chest X-rays and would potentially save cost and time. This strategy provides only minimal deviation from the current practice and it is hence technically easy to learn and perform accurately with basic training by digestive oncological surgeons.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Pittiruti M, Hamilton H, Biffi R, MacFie J, Pertkiewicz M. The european society for clinical nutrition and metabolism ESPEN. ESPEN Guidelines on parenteral nutrition: central venous catheters (access, care, diagnosis and therapy of complications). Clin Nutr. 2009;28(4):365–77.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Ahn DH, Illum HB, Wang DH, Sharma A, Dowell JE. Upper extremity venous thrombosis in patients with cancer with peripherally inserted central venous catheters: a retrospective analysis of risk factors. J Oncol Pract. 2013;9(1):e8–12.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Saber W, Moua T, Williams EC, et al. Risk factors for catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) in cancer patients: a patient-level data (IPD) meta-analysis of clinical trials and prospective studies. J Thromb Haemost. 2011;9(2):312–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Keyes LE, Frazee BW, Snoey ER, Simon BC, Christy D. Ultrasound-guided brachial and basilic vein cannulation in emergency department patients with difficult intravenous access. Ann Emerg Med. 1999;34(6):711–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Miyagaki H, Nakajima K, Hara J, et al. Performance comparison of peripherally inserted central venous catheters in gastrointestinal surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr. 2012;31(1):48–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Ryder MA. Peripheral access options. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 1995;4(3):395–427.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Rose JS, Norbutas CM. A randomized controlled trial comparing one-operator versus two-operator technique in ultrasound-guided basilic vein cannulation. J Emerg Med. 2008;35(4):431–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Gallieni M, Cozzolino M. Uncomplicated central vein catheterization of high-risk patients with real time ultrasound guidance. Int J Artif Organs. 1995;18:117–21.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Tian G, Zhu Y, Qi L, Guo F, Xu H. Efficacy of multifaceted interventions in reducing complications of peripherally inserted central catheter in adult oncology patients. Support Care Cancer. 2010;18:1293–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Ng PK, Ault MJ, Ellrodt AG, Maldonado L. Peripherally inserted central catheters in general medicine. Mayo Clin Proc. 1997;72:225–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Yip C, Rotstein C. Hickman catheter-related infections in patients with cancer. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 1998;10(3):181–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Harako ME, Nguyen TH, Cohen AJ. Optimizing the patient positioning for PICC line tip determination. Emerg Radiol. 2004;10(4):186–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Smith B, Neuharth RM, Hendrix MA, McDonnall D, Michaels AD. Intravenous electrocardiographic guidance for placement of peripherally inserted central catheters. J Electrocardiol. 2010;43(3):274–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Matsushima K, Frankel HL. Bedside ultrasound can safely eliminate the need for chest radiographs after central venous catheter placement: CVC sono in the surgical ICU (SICU). J Surg Res. 2010;163(1):155–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Pikwer A, Bååth L, Davidson B, Perstoft I, Akeson J. The incidence and risk of central venous catheter malpositioning: a prospective cohort study in 1619 patients. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2008;36:30–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Ng PK, Ault MJ, Maldonado LS. Peripherally inserted central catheters in the intensive care unit. J Intensive Care Med. 1996;11:49–54.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Hind D, Calvert N, McWilliams R, Davidson A, Paisley S, Beverley C, Thomas S. Ultrasonic locating devices for central venous cannulation: meta-analysis. BMJ. 2003;327:361.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Collier PE, Blocker SH, Graff DM, Doyle P. Cardiac tamponade from central venous catheters. Am J Surg. 1998;176(2):212–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Parigi GB, Verga G. Accurate placement of central venous catheters in pediatric patients using endocavitary electrocardiography: reassessment of a personal technique. J Pediatr Surg. 1997;32(8):1226–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Ender J, Erdoes G, Krohmer E, Olthoff D. Transesophageal echocardiography for verification of the position of the electrocardiographically-placed central venous catheter. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2009;23(4):457–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Rath GP, Bithal PK, Toshniwal GR, Prabhakar H, Dash HH. Saline flush test for bedside detection of misplaced subclavian vein catheter into ipsilateral internal jugular vein. Br J Anaesth. 2009;102(4):499–502.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Ryu HG, Bahk JH, Kim JT, Lee HJ. Bedside prediction of the central venous catheter insertion depth. Br J Anaesth. 2007;98(2):225–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Ambesh SP, Pandey JC, Dubey PK. Internal jugular vein occlusion test for rapid diagnosis of misplaced subclavian vein catheter into the internal jugular vein. Anesthesiology. 2001;95(6):1377–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Andrews RT, Bova DA, Venbrux AC. How much guidewire is too much? Direct measurement of the distance from subclavian and internal jugular vein access sites to the superior vena cava-atrial junction during central venous catheter placement. Crit Care Med. 2000;28(1):138–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Melamed R, Sprenkle MD, Ulstad VK, Herzog CA, Leatherman JW. Assessment of left ventricular function by intensivists using hand-held echocardiography. Chest. 2009;135(6):1416–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Gunst M, Ghaemmaghami V, Sperry J, Robinson M, O’Keeffe T, Friese R, Frankel H. Accuracy of cardiac function and volume status estimates using the bedside echocardiographic assessment in trauma/critical care. J Trauma. 2008;65(3):509–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Lichtenstein DA, Menu Y. A bedside ultrasound sign ruling out pneumothorax in the critically ill. Lung sliding. Chest. 1995;108(5):1345–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Stawicki SP, Braslow BM, Panebianco NL, Kirkpatrick JN, Gracias VH, Hayden GE, Dean AJ. Intensivist use of hand-carried ultrasonography to measure IVC collapsibility in estimating intravascular volume status: correlations with CVP. J Am Coll Surg. 2009;209(1):55–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Khouzam RN, Minderman D, D’Cruz IA. Echocardiography of the superior vena cava. Clin Cardiol. 2005; 28(8):362–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Hsu JH, Wang CK, Chu KS, Cheng KI, Chuang HY, Jaw TS, Wu JR. Comparison of radiographic landmarks and the echocardiographic SVC/RA junction in the positioning of long-term central venous catheters. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2006;50(6):731–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Lee JH, Bahk JH, Ryu HG, Jung CW, Jeon Y. Comparison of the bedside central venous catheter placement techniques: landmark vs electrocardiogram guidance. Br J Anaesth. 2009; 102(5):662-6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Jeon Y, Ryu HG, Yoon SZ, Kim JH, Bahk JH. Transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of ECG-guided central venous catheter placement. Can J Anaesth. 2006;53(10):978–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. D’Oronzio U, Senn O, Biaggi P, Gruner C, Jenni R, Tanner FC, Greutmann M. Right heart assessment by echocardiography: gender and body size matters. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2012; 25(12):1251–8. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2012.08.013.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Kwon TD, Kim KH, Ryu HG, Jung CW, Goo JM, Bahk JH. Intra- and extra-pericardial lengths of the superior vena cava in vivo: implication for the positioning of central venous catheters. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2005;33(3):384–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Kidney DD, Deutsch LS. Misplaced central venous catheters: venous anatomy, clinical significance, and treatment options. Radiologist. 1998;5:119–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Bailey SH, Shapiro SB, Mone MC, Saffle JR, Morris SE, Barton RG. Is immediate chest radiograph necessary after central venous catheter placement in a surgical intensive care unit? Am J Surg. 2000;180:517–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Fisher KL, Leung AN. Radiographic appearance of central venous catheters. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996;166:329–37.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Currarino G. Migration of jugular or subclavian venous catheters into inferior tributaries of the brachiocephalic veins or into the azygos vein, with possible complications. Pediatr Radiol. 1996;26:439–49.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Rasuli P, Hammond DI, Peterkin IR. Spontaneous intrajugular migration of long term central venous access catheters. Radiology. 1992;182:822–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Legler D, Nugent M. Doppler localization of the internal jugular vein facilitates central venous cannulation. Anesthesiology. 1984;60:481–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Vesely TM. Central venous catheter tip position: a continuing controversy. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2003;14:527–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Scott WL. Central venous catheters: an overview of Food and Drug Administration activities. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 1995;4:377–92.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. National Kidney Foundation. NKF-K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for vascular access: update 2000. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;37(1 suppl 1):S137–83.

    Google Scholar 

  44. National Association of Vascular Access Networks. Tip Location: NAVAN Position Statement. J Vasc Access Devices. 1998;3:8–10.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Barber JM, Booth DM, King DM, Chakraverty S. A nurse led peripherally inserted central catheter line insertion service is effective with radiological support. Clin Radiol. 2002;57:352–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Fricke BL, Racadio JM, Duckworth T, Donnelly LF, Tamer RM, Johnson ND. Placement of peripherally inserted central catheters without fluoroscopy in children: initial catheter tip position. Radiology. 2005;234(3):887–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Hellerstein HK, Pritchard WH, Lewis RL. Recording of intracavity potentials through a single lumen, saline filled cardiac catheter. Proc Soc Exp Med. 1949;71(1):58-60.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Disclosure

All authors have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 8th Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, School of Medicine - I Policlinico, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy

    Luigi Marano MD, Giuseppe Izzo MD, Giuseppe Esposito MD, Marianna Petrillo MD, Angelo Cosenza MD, Mario Marano MD, Virginia Boccardi MD & Natale Di Martino MD

  2. Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Surgery F. Magrassi, A. Lanzara, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy

    Alessio Fabozzi MD & Fernando De Vita MD

Authors
  1. Luigi Marano MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Giuseppe Izzo MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Giuseppe Esposito MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Marianna Petrillo MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Angelo Cosenza MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Mario Marano MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Alessio Fabozzi MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Virginia Boccardi MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Fernando De Vita MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Natale Di Martino MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luigi Marano MD.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Marano, L., Izzo, G., Esposito, G. et al. Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Tip Position: A Novel Empirical-Ultrasonographical Index in a Modern Surgical Oncology Department. Ann Surg Oncol 21, 656–661 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-013-3391-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-013-3391-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation