Abstract: With the rapid development of marine transportation and resource exploitation, oil spill incidents occur frequently. How to early detect oil pollution, determine the pollution scope, find the pollution source, predict the trend of oil spill drift and take effective measures to control it through valid monitoring means becomes the focus and hot issue of marine environmental science. In this paper, the coupling method of multiple oil fingerprints is studied, the internal coupling rule of multiple oil fingerprints is explored, and the Fourier infrared spectroscopy is coupled with gas chromatography, so as to establish the oil fingerprint coupling model of infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography, and to identify the type and source of oil spill more quickly and accurately. The results show that this model can accurately identify 0# diesel oil, -35# diesel oil, Daqing crude oil, Inner Mongolia crude oil and 120# fuel oil. The relative standard deviations (RSD, usually used to indicate the accuracy of test results) are 0.92%, 2.68%, 1.73%, 0.33% and 0.61%, respectively. The coupling curve of each oil sample is unique and accurate. So it can provide technical supports for repairing the damaged marine ecological environment and developing the theoretical system of marine emergency research, as well as scientific evidences for China's marine disaster prevention and reduction and safeguarding national maritime rights and interests.