ABSTRACT
In most batteries, the electrolyte is an ionic conductive liquid located between the positive and negative electrodes. Its primary function is to provide a path for charge to flow from one electrode to another through ion movement, and thus to maintain charge balance when the oxidation-reduction reactions take place. In a lead-acid battery, the ion such as proton in electrolyte (mainly the H2SO4 aqueous solution) also participates in both the discharge and recharge reactions. In other words, the sulfuric
5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 137 5.1.1 Sulfuric Acid Solution ...................................................................... 138
5.1.1.1 Density of Sulfuric Acid .................................................... 140 5.1.1.2 Resistivity of Sulfuric Acid ............................................... 140 5.1.1.3 Dilution Heat of Sulfuric Acid ........................................... 140 5.1.1.4 Contraction of Sulfuric Acid Solution ............................... 147 5.1.1.5 Freezing Point of Sulfuric Acid ......................................... 147 5.1.1.6 Viscosity of Sulfuric Acid Electrolyte Solution ................ 148 5.1.1.7 Vapor Pressure of Sulfuric Acid Solution .......................... 148
5.1.2 Colloid Solution ................................................................................ 149 5.1.2.1 Preparation of Colloid Solution ......................................... 149 5.1.2.2 Preparation and Properties of Silicone Gel ....................... 149
5.2 Impact of Electrolytes on Battery Performance ........................................... 151 5.2.1 Electrolyte Sulfuric Concentration Effect on the Cell Voltage of
a Lead-Acid Battery .......................................................................... 152 5.2.2 H2SO4 Concentration Effect on Operation of a Lead-Acid Battery ... 153 5.2.3 Relationship between the Quantity of Active Materials and the
Capacity of a Lead-Acid Battery ...................................................... 154 5.2.4 H-Region and N-Region of Sulfuric Acid Concentration and
Their Effects on Performance........................................................... 155 5.2.5 Dependence of PbSO4 Solubility on Sulfuric Acid Concentration ..... 160 5.2.6 Additives to Improve the Performance of Electrolytes .................... 161
5.3 Summary ...................................................................................................... 162 References .............................................................................................................. 162
acid electrolyte is also considered an active material. In general, this H2SO4 electrolyte solution can have a strong effect on the energy output of lead-acid batteries.
