ABSTRACT
Piles may be subjected to soil movement, as encountered in stabilizing a sliding slope (Viggiani 1981) (see Figure 12.1a) and supporting bridge abutments (Springman 1989; Stewart et al. 1994). Laterally loaded piles may be subjected to passive forces once subjected to the driving action of adjacent piles (Henke 2009) or nearby excavation activity (Chen and Poulos 1997; Leung et al. 2000; Choy et al. 2007). Predicting the response of these “passive” piles by and large has resorted to numerical solutions (Byrne et al. 1984; Chen and Poulos 1997; Chen and Martin 2002; Mostafa and Naggar 2006). The solutions are useful but would not warrant consistent predictions (Poulos 1995; Chow 1996; Potts 2003) in view of using a uniform limiting-force profile that is not observed along test piles (Matlock 1970; Yang and Jeremic 2002; Guo 2006).
