ABSTRACT
Water is essential for carbon-based life, which requires organic and inorganic matter to function. However, water quality is declining due to an overload of organic matter and minerals, and water treatment is needed to maintain the quality and prevent harmful outcomes. Understanding how and why water quality varies within and between river catchments is essential for managing water quality. Water treatment involves physical, chemical, and biological methods, which remove contaminants from water, such as organometallic substances, minerals, heavy metals, and other organisms. In this chapter, we deal with biological treatment, which is an integral part of wastewater management, using aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms to break down organic materials in the wastewater. Water treatment by microbial activity is effective and affordable for distillery wastewater bioremediation. Its effectiveness depends on chemical composition, nutrients, pH, temperature, oxygen, and inoculum size. Microorganisms oxidize and decompose organic materials, generating energy and producing extra sludge.
