ABSTRACT
The various negative consequences of greenhouse gases, particulate emissions, fluctuations in price, and unbalanced demand-supply relationship using conventional transportation fuel derived from fossil fuel have drawn attention worldwide toward the production of biofuel as an alternative resource of transportation fuel. Among biofuels, bioethanol is considered as the most promising alternative to the petroleum-based transportation fuel, and hence, a lot of research work has been directed in the last two decades for exploring various sources and viable technology for its production because it is derived from renewable resources and clean fuel, and it offers reduced environmental pollution. Among the alternative sources, bioethanol produced from a variety of lignocellulosic waste such as agricultural, wood, forest, and industrial wastes is the most attractive. This chapter enlightens the potential sources of lignocellulosic waste worldwide and technological advances in its conversion to bioethanol as a potential fuel substitute for the transportation sector.
