ABSTRACT
The immune system protects the body against many infectious threats through the function of a group of large, soluble proteins in the blood. The sources of immune recognition of the non-self structures have been divided into innate and adaptive immunity. The complement system comprises of a group of soluble proteins, which largely act by forming a deposit on target surfaces such as those presented by microbes, including both bacteria and viruses. Both in the case of IgM and several soluble plasma lectins such as mannan-binding lectin, the proteins are homooligomers. Biological small-angle X-ray scattering experiments make use of the interaction between X-ray photons and the outermost electrons of large molecules such as proteins. The administration of nanoparticle in medicine would rarely seek complement activation as an outcome, which indeed could pose a significant health risk by inducing anaphylactic shock. Surface plasmon resonance technology is widely used to study the interactions between large biomolecules and quantify their binding kinetics.
