ABSTRACT
This chapter summarizes epidemiological studies for both occupational and public extremely low frequency (ELF) field exposure environments. Health is a state of total physical, mental, and social well-being, and not just the absence of disease or sickness. A biological effect occurs when exposure to electromagnetic (EM) fields causes some noticeable or detectable physiological change in the living system. Occupational exposure environments are studied in the context of specific industries and workplaces, particularly in electric power-utility industry where high exposure to ELF fields is likely. Exposure to ELF fields, especially at low frequency, can result in field perception as a result of alternating electric charge induced on surface, causing body hair to vibrate. Evidence from laboratory and epidemiological studies on the association between exposure to ELF fields and cancer or other harmful health outcomes is inconsistent and inconclusive. A comprehensive research program that addresses these topics require a transdisciplinary approach, involving specialists in EM dosimetry, epidemiology, toxicology, and clinical research.
