张彦娥, 魏颖慧, 梅树立, 朱梦婷. 基于多尺度区间插值小波法的牛肉图像中大理石花纹分割[J]. 农业工程学报, 2016, 32(21): 296-304. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.21.041
    引用本文: 张彦娥, 魏颖慧, 梅树立, 朱梦婷. 基于多尺度区间插值小波法的牛肉图像中大理石花纹分割[J]. 农业工程学报, 2016, 32(21): 296-304. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.21.041
    Zhang Yan'e, Wei Yinghui, Mei Shuli, Zhu Mengting. Application of multi-scale interval interpolation wavelet in beef image of marbling segmentation[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2016, 32(21): 296-304. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.21.041
    Citation: Zhang Yan'e, Wei Yinghui, Mei Shuli, Zhu Mengting. Application of multi-scale interval interpolation wavelet in beef image of marbling segmentation[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2016, 32(21): 296-304. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.21.041

    基于多尺度区间插值小波法的牛肉图像中大理石花纹分割

    Application of multi-scale interval interpolation wavelet in beef image of marbling segmentation

    • 摘要: 牛肉大理石花纹的丰富程度代表着脂肪含量的多少,是牛肉等级划分的重要指标。基于计算机图像的自动分级技术中图像的降噪和分割处理是大理石花纹提取的基础。该文利用多尺度区间插值小波解偏微分方程的方法对牛眼肌切面图像进行处理,基于中心相似变换的延拓方法有效解决边界效应。处理中自适应选取配置点,提高计算效率。试验证明,该算法不仅达到降噪目的,同时还实现了对不同对象区域的保边平滑,使图像纹理和边缘更加清晰。降噪结果与传统滤波法进行对比,峰值信噪比值平均比均值滤波高9.0 dB,比中值滤波高8.2 dB,比维纳滤波高6.6 dB,结构相似性数值平均比均值滤波高0.42,比中值滤波高0.40,比维纳滤波高0.34。与大津法相比,去噪后采用灰度进行图像分割的效果更好,既能分割出大脂肪,又能分割出小脂肪,提高了牛肉等级判定的准确度。

       

      Abstract: Abstract: The richness of the marbling in beef, as an important index of beef quality, can be used to characterize the beef fat content. In particular, the area ratio of marbling, big fat density, and small fat density are the main indicators for most existing beef grade determination. Researchers have investigated that computer vision and image processing is applicable to the automatic grading of beef marbling, and thus plays a great role in promoting the development of the beef industry. However, images may be polluted when experiencing acquisition, transmitting and other processing. Consequently, the quality of the images may be reduced, and thereby, more uncertainties emerge. Importantly, the texture of the beef marbling image becomes blurred and texture contour is not clear. It will further affect the subsequent procedures of texture segmentation and extraction. Therefore, it is necessary to use the de-noising method with better edge preserving property to keep the edge and texture information of the image. In this study, we aimed to use the method of multi-scale interval interpolation wavelet to de-noise images, and thereby to smooth the gray values to segment and extract the regions of beef muscle, large and small fat particles from the beef marbling image. Here, we used the method of multi-scale interval interpolation wavelet to solve the partial differential equation, thus to de-noise images. Specifically, from this method, the edge-preserving smoothing for different object area can be realized, so that the texture and edge of beef marble were made more clearly. In addition, in this method, we chose the external collocation points adaptively, thus the computational efficiency can be greatly improved. In particular, extension method based on Center Similarity Transformation can be used to solve the boundary effect effectively. Firstly, on the basis of the objective evaluation index of the image, the PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) mean value of the image de-noised by the proposed algorithm was higherthan the mean values obtained by using the mean filtering, median filtering and Wiener filtering of 9.0, 8.2 and 6.6 dB, respectively. In addition, the SSIM (Structural Similarity Image Measurement) value of the image de-noised by the proposed algorithm was also the largest among values obtained by algorithms mentioned above. Secondly, it is known that different objectives have different gray values, which is taken as the principle of segmentation. Hence, the processed image was segmented using different gray thresholds. In detail, the procedures of segmentation included two steps. The first step was to obtain the gray thresholds by prior knowledge, and the next was to segment the image for dividing the background, external fat, adhesive fat, small and big fat from the image by those thresholds. Finally, we compared the results of segmentation derived from our methods with the results of segmentation from Otsu. Here we showed that using the de-noised method of multi-scale interval interpolation wavelet was useful to achieve a local uniform smooth and keep the object contour information of beef images, thus to improve the accuracy of the segmentation and extraction of fat particles. The result of segmentation by gray thresholds was more accurate than the results of Otsu and retained more details about the texture of beef marbling. Furthermore, we also found that our result almost had no omission in segmenting and extracting fat particles, especially for small fat particles. Overall, our results provided a new de-noised method to improve the accuracy of beef grading.

       

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