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Effects of substance misuse and family history of substance use disorder on brain structure in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and healthy controls

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 August 2021

M. Novi ,
M. Paraskevopoulou ,
D. Van Rooij ,
A. Schene ,
J. Buitelaar  and
A. Schellekens
M. Novi*
Affiliation:
Department Of Clinical And Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
M. Paraskevopoulou
Affiliation:
Department Of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
D. Van Rooij
Affiliation:
Department Of Cognitive Neuroscience, donders Institute For Brain, Cognition, And Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
A. Schene
Affiliation:
Department Of Psychiatry, Donders Institute For Brain, Cognition And Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
J. Buitelaar
Affiliation:
Department Of Cognitive Neuroscience, donders Institute For Brain, Cognition, And Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
A. Schellekens
Affiliation:
Department Of Psychiatry, Donders Institute For Brain, Cognition And Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
*
*Corresponding author.

Abstract

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Introduction

Literature shows overlapping alterations in brain structure in Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorder (SUD), suggesting shared pathophysiological mechanisms. It is unclear to what extent family history (trait) effects and/or substance misuse (state) effects explain the observed overlap.

Objectives

Our aim was to examine the effects of (i) SUD family history (FH) and (ii) substance misuse on brain structure in ADHD.

Methods

We compared structural MRI data (cortical thickness; subcortical volumes) between (i) ADHD subjects and controls with or without FH (ADHD-FH+: n=139; ADHD-FH-: n=86; controls-FH+: n=60; controls-FH-: n=74), and (ii) FH-matched ADHD groups with and without substance misuse and controls (ADHD+SM, ADHD-only and controls, n=68 per group). Furthermore, we explored whether FH effects were more pronounced in subjects with SUD in both parents (n=63) compared to subjects with one SUD parent (n=105) and without FH (n=160).

Results

There was no main FH effect on brain structure. ADHD+SM showed decreased CT in inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) compared to controls, while no difference was found between ADHD-only and ADHD+SM or controls. Subjects with SUD in both parents showed decreased thickness of IFG and volume of nucleus accumbens (NAcc), compared to those with one SUD parent.

Conclusions

Substance misuse in ADHD might result in smaller IFG, which is in line with findings in SUD-literature. A contribution of premorbid alterations, due to FH, could not be ruled out, particularly for IFG thickness. Future studies should further investigate the potential role of these regions in treatment and prevention strategies.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.

Keywords

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderSubstance Use DisorderCortical thicknessSubcortical volumes
Type
Abstract
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 64 , Special Issue S1: Abstracts of the 29th European Congress of Psychiatry , April 2021 , pp. S131 - S132
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the European Psychiatric Association
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