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金属学报  2021, Vol. 57 Issue (9): 1087-1106    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00120
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基于增强相构型设计的石墨烯/Cu复合材料研究进展
赵乃勤(), 郭斯源, 张翔, 何春年, 师春生
天津大学 材料科学与工程学院 天津 300350
Progress on Graphene/Copper Composites Focusing on Reinforcement Configuration Design: A Review
ZHAO Naiqin(), GUO Siyuan, ZHANG Xiang, HE Chunnian, SHI Chunsheng
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
引用本文:

赵乃勤, 郭斯源, 张翔, 何春年, 师春生. 基于增强相构型设计的石墨烯/Cu复合材料研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(9): 1087-1106.
Naiqin ZHAO, Siyuan GUO, Xiang ZHANG, Chunnian HE, Chunsheng SHI. Progress on Graphene/Copper Composites Focusing on Reinforcement Configuration Design: A Review[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2021, 57(9): 1087-1106.

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摘要: 

铜基复合材料具有优异的功能特性及力学性能，在电子、电工等领域具有广阔的应用前景。作为一类理想的增强相，石墨烯具有优异的综合性能以及二维结构特征。相比于其他如颗粒增强相、晶须增强相，石墨烯与Cu的性能匹配性更好，同时其在Cu基体中的分布结构具有更强的可设计性，可显著改善铜基复合材料的综合性能，因此利用新工艺实现石墨烯分布构型的调控设计成为当今铜基复合材料研究的热点。本文总结了近年来石墨烯在Cu基体中分布的构型(均匀构型、层状构型以及网络构型)及其相应的制备工艺，讨论了石墨烯构型对于铜基复合材料性能的影响，并展望了石墨烯构型设计的新思路，以及特殊构型石墨烯/Cu复合材料未来的发展趋势以及应用领域。
关键词 ： 石墨烯,  铜基复合材料,  分布构型,  制备工艺,  综合性能    
Abstract：

Copper matrix composites have extensive application prospects in electronics and electrical engineering because of their excellent functional and mechanical properties. Graphene has excellent properties and a two-dimensional structure, making it an ideal reinforcement material. Compared with other reinforcements such as particles and whiskers, graphene has better performance matching with copper. Moreover, its distribution in the copper matrix can be controlled well, which can significantly improve the comprehensive properties of the composite. Therefore, controlling the distribution of graphene using novel fabrication processes is essential. This review focuses on the configuration of graphene distributed in a copper matrix (uniform configuration, layered configuration, and network configuration) and the corresponding fabrication processes. The effects of different graphene configurations on the properties of various copper matrix composites are discussed. New ideas for graphene configuration design, future development trends, and potential applications of graphene/copper matrix composites with unique configurations are anticipated.
Key words： graphene    copper matrix composites    distribution configuration    fabrication process    comprehensive property
收稿日期: 2021-03-24     
ZTFLH:  TG146.2  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51771130)
作者简介: 赵乃勤，女，1961年生，教授，博士
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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00120      或      https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2021/V57/I9/1087

图1  石墨烯增强铜基复合材料构型研究示意图
图2  Ag纳米颗粒修饰还原氧化石墨烯(RGO或rGO)/Cu复合材料制备流程图以及微观形貌表征[20]
图3  静电自组装法制备RGO/Cu复合材料示意图及形貌[23,24]
图4  电沉积法制备石墨烯纳米片(GNPs)/Cu复合材料示意图及形貌[25,26]
图5  分子级混合法制备RGO/Cu复合材料示意图及形貌[27]
图6  原位反应法制备石墨烯/铜基复合材料示意图[28~31]
图7  辅助外加工艺(累积叠轧、结构仿生法、真空抽滤)制备层状分布石墨烯/Cu复合材料示意图及微观形貌[32,33,36]
图8  原位排列工艺制备层状分布石墨烯/Cu复合材料示意图及微观形貌[38,39]
图9  三维网络石墨烯/Cu复合材料制备流程图及微观形貌[40,41]
图10  三维网络石墨烯/Cu复合材料制备流程图及微观形貌[42,43]
图11  石墨烯/Cu复合材料界面结合强度测试以及结构模型[27,47~49]
图12  石墨烯/Cu复合材料的压缩、拉伸以及模拟过程[33,56,57]
图13  三维连续石墨烯/Cu复合材料动态拉伸过程以及相应的模拟结果[42]
DistributionPreparation methodStrength ofTensileRef.
configurationcomposite materialelongation
MPa%
HomogenousRGO modified by Ag + balling milling + HPSRe: 33223.8[20]
distributionRm: 478
RGO modified by Cu/Ni + SPSRe(Cu): 16422[22]
Re(Ni): 18121
RGO modified by Ni + wet mixing + SPSRe: 26812[21]
Rm: 320
Gr/Cu modified by PVA + wet mixing + SPSRe: 1728[18]
Rm: 187
Cu modified by CTAB + SPSRm: 21218[23]
Flake Cu modified by CTAB + SPSRe: 17123[24]
Rm: 233
Molecular-level mixing + SPSRm: 33514[27]
In situ grown Gr + HPSRe: 14437[29]
Rm: 274
In situ grown graphene-like nanosheet + SPS + rollingRm: 41012[30]
In situ grown Gr + SPS + rollingRe: 3933.7[31]
Rm: 477
NetworkIn situ grown discontinuous 3D Gr-like network + SPSRe: 30129[40]
distributionRm: 318
In situ grown 3D Gr network + HPSRe: 29022[41]
Rm: 308
In situ grown 3D Gr network + HPS + rollingRe: 29225.4[42]
Rm: 319
In situ grown 3D Gr network + rolling + sinteringRe: 28116.5[43]
Rm: 354
LaminateBioinspired strategy + HPSRe: 23326[33]
distributionRm: 308
Flaky powder metallurgy + rollingRe: 55710.5[57]
Rm: 705
In situ grown of high content GNPs + HPS + rollingRe: 25514[39]
Rm: 274
In situ grown Gr + flaky powder metallurgy + HPSRe: 20032.3[38]
Rm: 378
表1  不同石墨烯分布构型/Cu复合材料的力学性能[18,20~24,27,29~31,33,38~43,57]
Distribution configurationPreparation method

Electrical conductivity

%IACS

Ref.
Homogenous distributionMechanical milling + HPS94[60]
Ultrasound assisted electroplating44[61]
In situ grown Mo2C@GNPs + HPS + rolling93[48]
Network distributionIn situ grown 3D Gr network + HPS + rolling103[42]
In situ grown 3D Gr network + rolling + sintering98[43]
Laminate distributionIn situ grown Gr + flaky powder metallurgy + HPS97.1[38]
Impregnation reduction + SPS90[62]
In situ grown Gr + HPS117[59]
表2  不同分布构型石墨烯/Cu复合材料电导率[38,42,43,48,59~62]
图14  石墨烯/Cu复合材料在薄膜材料以及导线方面的应用[67,68]
Distribution configurationPreparation method

Thermal conductivity

W·m-1·K-1

Ref.
Homogenous distributionElectrostatic self-assembly + HPS370-396[23]
Vacuum filtration + SPS275-325[36]
Network distributionIn situ grown 3D Gr network + HPS + rolling413[42]
Laminate distributionIn situ grown of high content GNPs + HPS + rolling441[39]
Vacuum filtration + vortex mixing + SPS525[36]
Vacuum filtration + vortex mixing + SPS458[37]
In situ grown Gr + HPS375[71]
In situ grown Gr + hot isostatic pressing + roll-to-roll394[72]
表3  不同分布构型石墨烯/Cu复合材料热导率[23,36,37,39,42,71,72]
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