In order to understand the variation of fertilization and irrigation status and soil fertility characteristics of walnut woodland in different ecological regions，the typical walnut production orchards in the three ecological regions，mountainous area，piedmont plain and plain，of Shandong province were selected to investigate the status of fertilizer and water management and to evaluate soil fertility.The results showed that:(1)The proportion of farmers who irrigated and fertilized walnuts in the mountainous area was 16.7% and 29.2%，respectively，which were lower than that of in piedmont plain and plain，and management practices were not detailed.The proportion of farmers who applied chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers were 67.0% and 56.0% in the piedmont plain，and 80.0% and 20% in the plain.There was no organic fertilizer input in the mountainous area.(2)The total nutrients input in the plain region was 1603 g/plant，which was 1.2 and 10.1 times that of the piedmont plain and mountainous area，respectively.The nutrients input in the plain region was mainly nitrogen，and the nutrients input ratio was 1.0∶0.5∶0.5.Piedmont plain and mountainous area had the most phosphorus nutrient inputs，followed by nitrogen，and the potassium was the least.(3)The physical and chemical properties of soil organic matter，alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen，available phosphorus，available potassium，EC，and pH in soil layers of 0～20 and 20～40 cm in different ecological regions were significantly different.The fertility of 0～20 cm soil layer in the piedmont plain was fertile，and the soil layer of 20～40 cm in the mountainous area was poor，and the soil fertility was comprehensively represented by the piedmont plain> plain> mountainous area.The results of this study can provide a reference for scientific water and fertilizer management in walnut woodlands in different ecological regions.