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Blood, 1 April 2001, Vol. 97, No. 7, pp. 1925-1928
CHEMOKINES
Polymorphism in the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 as a
genetic risk factor for coronary artery disease
Didier Moatti,
Sophie Faure,
Frédéric Fumeron,
Mohamed El Walid Amara,
Patrick Seknadji,
David H. McDermott,
Patrice Debré,
Marie Claude Aumont,
Philip M. Murphy,
Dominique de
Prost, and
Christophe Combadière
From INSERM U479, Faculté Bichat, Paris, France;
CNRS UMR 7627, Laboratoire d'Immunologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire,
Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France;
Service de Nutrition Humaine, Faculté Bichat, Paris, France;
Service de Cardiologie, CHU Bichat, Paris, France; Laboratory of Host
Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; and Service
d'Hématologie Biologique et Immunologie, Hôpital Louis
Mourier AP-HP, Colombes, France.
Coronary atherosclerosis is a major cause of death in
industrialized countries. Monocytes, which play a key role in
atherosclerosis, migrate into the vessel wall, presumably guided by
specific chemoattractant and adhesion molecules. A compelling
candidate for this role is the chemokine receptor CX3CR1, which is
expressed on monocytes and acts as either a chemotactic receptor or an
adhesion molecule, depending on whether its ligand, fractalkine, is
presented free or membrane bound. A common variant of CX3CR1 was
recently identified, encoded by the alleles I249 and M280, which form a
common I249M280 haplotype. When CX3CR1
genotypes were analyzed in 151 patients with acute coronary syndromes
and in 249 healthy controls, CX3CR1 I249 heterozygosity was associated
with a markedly reduced risk of acute coronary events, independent of
established acquired coronary risk factors (eg, smoking, diabetes). The
adjusted odds ratio for this allele was 0.43 (95% confidence interval,
0.26-0.72; P = .001). Consistent with this, functional
analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed that CX3CR1 I249
heterozygosity was associated with a significant decrease in the number
of fractalkine binding sites per cell. The results show that CX3CR1
I249 is an independent genetic risk factor for coronary artery disease
and that CX3CR1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease.

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