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Blood, 15 February 2006, Vol. 107, No. 4, pp. 1712-1716.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on October 20, 2005; DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-07-2661.


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TRANSPLANTATION

Impact of posttransplantation G-CSF on outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Hanna J. Khoury, Fausto R. Loberiza, Jr, Olle Ringdén, A. John Barrett, Brian J. Bolwell, Jean-Yves Cahn, Richard E. Champlin, Robert Peter Gale, Gregory A. Hale, Alvaro Urbano-Ispizua, Rodrigo Martino, Philip L. McCarthy, Pierre Tiberghien, Leo F. Verdonck, and Mary M. Horowitz

From the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR), Health Policy Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha; Huddinge University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH; Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France; the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; the Center for Advanced Studies in Leukemia, Los Angeles, CA; St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; the Postgraduate School of Hematology, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Sant Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; the Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Etablissement Français du Sang, Besançon, France; and University Hospital Utrecht, the Netherlands.

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is often administered after hematopoietic-cell transplantation (HCT) to accelerate neutrophil recovery, but it is unclear what impact G-CSF has on long-term transplantation outcomes. We analyzed within the database of the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research the impact of giving posttransplantation G-CSF on the outcomes of allogeneic HCT for acute myelogenous leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia in 2719 patients who underwent transplantation between 1995 and 2000. These included 1435 recipients of HLA-identical sibling bone marrow (BM), 609 recipients of HLA-identical peripheral-blood stem cells (PBSCs), and 675 recipients of unrelated donor BM transplants. Outcomes were compared between patients receiving or not receiving G-CSF within 7 days of HCT according to graft type. Median follow-up was more than 30 months (range, 2-87 months). G-CSF shortened the posttransplantation neutropenic period, but did not affect days +30 and +100 treatment-related mortality (TRM). Probabilities of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), leukemia-free survival (LFS), and overall survival were similar whether or not G-CSF was given. Multivariate analyses confirmed that giving G-CSF did not affect the risk of GVHD, TRM, LFS, or survival. In conclusion, results of this study found no long-term benefit or disadvantage of giving G-CSF after transplantation to promote hematopoietic recovery.


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