Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x5gtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-05T11:27:22.662Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Palygorskite in the Regolith from the Mokau District, North Island, New Zealand

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

J. H. Kirkman  and
R. C. Wallace
J. H. Kirkman
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
R. C. Wallace
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Corrugated mats of palygorskite occurring in regolith overlying a fissured limestone were examined by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and electron optical techniques after heating at 50°C intervals to 700°C. Palygorskite ‘anhydride’ formed at 400°C and sillimanite formed at 500°C. The palygorskite is believed to have formed in joints in limestone of Upper Oligocene age (Duntroonian) prior to uplift and subsequent weathering. It is highly crystalline, and appears not to have altered or weathered since precipitation.

Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 29 , Issue 2 , June 1994 , pp. 265 - 272
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alloway, B.V. (1983) The Late Quarternary cover bed stratigraphy and tephrochronology of north-eastern and central Taranaki, New Zealand. PhD thesis, Massey Univ., New Zealand.Google Scholar
Bartoli, F. & Wilding, L.P. (1980) Dissolution of biogenic opal as a function of its physical and chemical characteristics. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J, 44, 873–878.Google Scholar
Brindley, G.W. & Brown, G. (1980) Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and their X-ray Identification,112-113. Mineralogical Society, London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Callen, R.A. (1984) Clays of the palygorskite-sepiolite group: depositional environments, age and distribution. Pp. 1-37 in: Palygorskite-Sepiolite Occurrences, Genesis, and Uses. (A. Singer & E. Galan, editors). Developments in Sedimentology. 37, Elsevier, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Cannings, F.R. (1968) An infrared study of hydroxyl groups on sepiolit. J. Phys. Chem., 72, 1072–1074.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedman, G.M. (1964). Early diagenesis and lithification in carbonate sediments. J. Sed. Petrol, 34, 777–813.Google Scholar
Garrone, R., Simpson, T.L. & Pottu-Boumendil, J. (1981) Ultrastructure and deposition of silica in sponges. Pp. 495-526 in: Silicon and Siliceous Structures in Biological Systems. (T. L. Simpson & E. Volcani, editors). Springer-Verlag, New York.Google Scholar
Hay, R.F. (1967). Sheet 7 Taranaki. Geological Map of New Zealand. 1:250,000. New Zealand Department of Scientific Research, Wellington.Google Scholar
Hayashi, H., Otsuka, R. & Imai, N. (1969) Infrared study of sepiolite and palygorskite on heating. Am. Miner, 53, 1613–1624.Google Scholar
Henderson, J. (1921) A mineral new to New Zealand— pilolite. NZ J.Sci. Tech, 3, 79–80.Google Scholar
Jones, P. & Hockey, J.A. (1971) Infrared studies of rutile surfaces—1. Trans. Faraday Soc, 67, 2669–2678.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kastner, M., Keene, J.B. & Gieskes, J.M. (1977) Diagenesis of siliceous oozes—1. Chemical controls on the rate of opal-A to opal-CT transformation—an experimental study. Geochim. cosmochim. Act, 41, 1041–1059.Google Scholar
Kirkman, J.H. & Pullar, W.A. (1978) Halloysite in late Pleistocene rhyolitic tephra beds near Opotiki, Coastal Bay of Plenty, North Island, New Zealand. Aust. J. Soil Res, 16, 1–8.Google Scholar
Land, L.S. (1967) Diagenesis of skeletal carbonates. J. Sed. Petrol, 37, 914–930.Google Scholar
Lowry, D.C. (1964) Palygorskite in a cave in New Zealand. NZ J.Geol. Geophys. 7, 917.Google Scholar
Mackenzie, R.C. (1970) Simple phyllosilicates based on gibbsite- and brucite-like sheets. Differential Thermal Analysis (R. C. Mackenzie, editor) vol. 1,504. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
Mendelovici, E. (1973) Infrared study of attapulgite and HC1 treated attapulgite. Clays Clay Miner, 21, 115–119.Google Scholar
Milliman, J.D. (1974) Recent Sedimentary Carbonates. Part l Marine Carbonates,Springer-Verlag, Berlin.Google Scholar
Nelson, C.S. (1977) Grain-size parameters of insoluble residues in mixed terrigenous-skeletal carbonate sediments and sedimentary rocks: some New Zealand examples. Sedimentolog, 24, 31–52.Google Scholar
Nelson, C.S. (1978a) Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Oligocene Te Kuiti Group, Waitomo County, South Auckland, New Zealand. NZ J. Geol. Geophys, 21, 553–594.Google Scholar
Nelson, C.S. (1978b) Temperate shelf carbonate sediments in the Cenozoic of New Zealand. Sedimentolog, 25, 737–771.Google Scholar
Nelson, C.S. (1983) The taxonomic status and isotopic evidence for paleoenvironments of giant oysters from the Oligocene Te Kuiti Group, South Auckland, New Zealand. NZ J. Geol. Geophys, 26, 289–299.Google Scholar
Pillans, B. (1990) Late Quaternary marine terraces, South Taranaki-Wanganui. NZ Geol. Surv. Misc. Ser. map 18. Google Scholar
Preisinger, A. (1963) Sepiolite and related compounds: its stability and application. Clays Clay Miner. 10, 365–371.Google Scholar
Ryskin Ya., I. (1974) The vibrations of protons in minerals; hydroxyl, water and ammonium. Pp. 137-181 in: The Infrared Spectra of Minerals. (V.C. Farmer, editor). Mineralogical Society, London.Google Scholar
Singer, A. (1984). Pedogenic palygorskite in arid environments. Pp. 169-175 in: Palygorskite-Sepiolite Occurrences, Genesis and Uses. (A. Singer & E. Galan, editors). Developments in Sedimentology, 37, Elsevier, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Singer, A. & Norrish, K. (1974) Pedogenic palygorskite occurrences in Australia. Am. Miner, 59, 508–517.Google Scholar
Soong, R. & Perrin, N.D. (1983) An occurrence of palygorskite in a fault gouge, Karori, Wellington, New Zealand. NZ J. Geol. Geophys. 26, 217.Google Scholar
Spencer, C.P. (1983) Marine biochemistry of silicon. Pp. 101-142 in: Silicon Geochemistry and Biochemistry. (S. R. Spencer, editor). Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
Trustrum, N., De Rose, R.C. & Wallace, R.C. (1989) Tephrochronological dating of regolith landslide-prone steeplands, New Zealand. Proc. Int. Symposium on Erosion and Volcanic Debris Flow Technology, Jakarta, Indonesia. S34, 1–7.Google Scholar
Volcani, B.E. (1981) Cell wall formation in diatoms: morphogenesis and biochemistry. Pp. 157-200 in: Silicon and Siliceous Structures in Biological Sciences. (T.L. Simpson & E. Volcani, editors). Springer-Verlag, New York.Google Scholar
Wilding, L.P., Smeck, N.E. & Drees, L.R. (1977) Silica in soils: quartz, cristobalite, tridymite and opal. Pp. 471552 in: Minerals in Soil Environments. (J.B. Dixon & S.B. Weed, editors). Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin.Google Scholar
Zelazny, L.W. & Calhoun, F.G. (1977) Palygorskite (Attapulgite), Sepiolite, Talc, Pyrophyllite, and Zeolites. Pp. 435-170 in: Minerals in Soil Environments. (J.B. Dixon & S.B. Weed, editors). Soil Science Society America, Madison, Wisconsin.Google Scholar