新一代基因编辑工具研究进展

Research progress of next-generation gene editing tools

摘要: 目前，以核酸酶为主要成分的基因编辑工具已经成功实现可编程地对哺乳动物基因组进行靶向突变或插入删除，从锌指核酸酶（ZFNs）、转录激活子样效应子核酸酶（TALENs）、CRISPR/Cas系统发展到更安全更精准的Cas9融合蛋白基因编辑工具和其他核酸酶基因编辑工具，本文系统阐述了基因编辑的发展演进历程、介绍了新一代基因编辑工具的开发与优化，针对基因编辑工具的临床应用与面临的挑战进行了展望。

Abstract: Gene editing tools with nucleases as the main component have now implemented programmable targeted mutagenesis or insertion or deletion of mammalian genomes.From zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), CRISPR/Cas system to safer and more accurate Cas9 fusion protein gene editing tools and other nuclease gene editing tools, this paper systematically describes the development and evolution of gene editing, with detailed introduction to the development and optimization of next-generation gene editing tools, and a prospect of the clinical application of and challenges for gene editing tools.