Protective Effects of Phytoncides Against Cancer

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally, contributing to a quarter of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) deaths today. Current cancer treatment comes with various negative excesses towards the patient’s health both mentally and physically as well as increase socioeconomic burden. Hence, a novel alternative is required, one that is both readily applicable and economically feasible. This review aims to discuss the protective effects of phytoncides against cancer. Articles were obtained through Pubmed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, High Wire and Elsevier Clinical Key using the keywords “phytoncides and cancer or synonyms.” Phytoncides are natural compounds emitted by trees which are volatile and have antibiotic properties. Studies have reported that phytoncides have the ability to improve patients with disorders such as allergies, asthma, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease and aging. Various chemical and pharmacological studies have also shown that they exhibit anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties. Its anti-oxidative properties involves up regulation of anti-oxidative capacity and radical scavenging abilities of cells and also modulation of NK cell activity thus providing a protective effect and making it a possible alternative for cancer management. Exposure to phytoncides has therefore shown potential to be beneficial to cancer patients both early and terminal ones not only through psychological aspects of stress reduction and peace, but also scientifically by increasing the number of NK cells and the level of various intra-cellular anti-cancer proteins. Further studies are required to elucidate its mechanisms and effects.