Serological Screening of TORCH Agents as an Etiology of Spontaneous Abortion in Dhulikhel Hospital, Nepal

Dhruba Acharya; Abha Shrestha; Bikash Bogati; Kishor Khanal; Shrinkhala Shrestha; Prabin Gyawali

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbls.20140202.11

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Serological Screening of TORCH Agents as an Etiology of Spontaneous Abortion in Dhulikhel Hospital, Nepal

Dhruba Acharya, Abha Shrestha, Bikash Bogati, Kishor Khanal, Shrinkhala Shrestha, Prabin Gyawali

Published in American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 2)

Received: 2 March 2014 Accepted: 8 April 2014 Published: 10 April 2014

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Abstract

The role of TORCH infections as a cause of spontaneous abortions is still debatable with conflicting results where geographical variation may play a significant role. This study was undertaken to discover the association of TORCH infections in women with spontaneous abortions by serological testing. The descriptive case control study was conducted from January to December, 2012. A serological evaluation was carried out to determine the presence of Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies, using commercial diagnostic kits by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Mean age of the study and control subjects were 24.8+/-6.4 and 23.8+/-3.8 years respectively where 72.8% of the study subjects were of the age between 20 to 35 years and 23% of the women with spontaneous abortion were below 20 years. Most of the cases were of incomplete abortions (43%) followed by complete abortions (26%). Only 1.3% of both IgG and IgM seropositivity against TORCH agents were noted among the study subjects whereas highest IgG seropositivity was detected with Rubella (86.8%) followed by HSV-I (72.8%). An infection susceptibility rate of 77.9% to Toxoplasma gondii, 11.7% to Rubella, 51.9% to CMV, 36.4% to HSV-I and 84.4% to HSV-II was noted. No significant difference in relation to age and type of abortion was found in seropositivity between the study and the control subjects. This study, probably the first of its kind from Nepal, suggests that current infection with TORCH agents might not be the possible etiology of spontaneous abortion. Serological TORCH screening may not be conclusive.

Published in	American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajbls.20140202.11
Page(s)	34-39
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Screening, TORCH Agents, Spontaneous Abortion, Immunoglobulin, Seropositivity

References

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[14]	N. Thapliyal, P.K. Shukla, B. Kumar, S. Upadhyay, G. Jain, “TORCH infection in women with bad obstetric history—a pilot study in Kumaon region,” Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology, vol. 48, pp. 551-553, 2005.
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APA Style

Dhruba Acharya, Abha Shrestha, Bikash Bogati, Kishor Khanal, Shrinkhala Shrestha, et al. (2014). Serological Screening of TORCH Agents as an Etiology of Spontaneous Abortion in Dhulikhel Hospital, Nepal. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 2(2), 34-39. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20140202.11

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ACS Style

Dhruba Acharya; Abha Shrestha; Bikash Bogati; Kishor Khanal; Shrinkhala Shrestha, et al. Serological Screening of TORCH Agents as an Etiology of Spontaneous Abortion in Dhulikhel Hospital, Nepal. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2014, 2(2), 34-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20140202.11

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AMA Style

Dhruba Acharya, Abha Shrestha, Bikash Bogati, Kishor Khanal, Shrinkhala Shrestha, et al. Serological Screening of TORCH Agents as an Etiology of Spontaneous Abortion in Dhulikhel Hospital, Nepal. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2014;2(2):34-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20140202.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20140202.11,
  author = {Dhruba Acharya and Abha Shrestha and Bikash Bogati and Kishor Khanal and Shrinkhala Shrestha and Prabin Gyawali},
  title = {Serological Screening of TORCH Agents as an Etiology of Spontaneous Abortion in Dhulikhel Hospital, Nepal},
  journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {34-39},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20140202.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20140202.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20140202.11},
  abstract = {The role of TORCH infections as a cause of spontaneous abortions is still debatable with conflicting results where geographical variation may play a significant role. This study was undertaken to discover the association of TORCH infections in women with spontaneous abortions by serological testing. The descriptive case control study was conducted from January to December, 2012. A serological evaluation was carried out to determine the presence of Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies, using commercial diagnostic kits by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Mean age of the study and control subjects were 24.8+/-6.4 and 23.8+/-3.8 years respectively where 72.8% of the study subjects were of the age between 20 to 35 years and 23% of the women with spontaneous abortion were below 20 years. Most of the cases were of incomplete abortions (43%) followed by complete abortions (26%). Only 1.3% of both IgG and IgM seropositivity against TORCH agents were noted among the study subjects whereas highest IgG seropositivity was detected with Rubella (86.8%) followed by HSV-I (72.8%). An infection susceptibility rate of 77.9% to Toxoplasma gondii, 11.7% to Rubella, 51.9% to CMV, 36.4% to HSV-I and 84.4% to HSV-II was noted. No significant difference in relation to age and type of abortion was found in seropositivity between the study and the control subjects. This study, probably the first of its kind from Nepal, suggests that current infection with TORCH agents might not be the possible etiology of spontaneous abortion. Serological TORCH screening may not be conclusive.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Serological Screening of TORCH Agents as an Etiology of Spontaneous Abortion in Dhulikhel Hospital, Nepal
AU  - Dhruba Acharya
AU  - Abha Shrestha
AU  - Bikash Bogati
AU  - Kishor Khanal
AU  - Shrinkhala Shrestha
AU  - Prabin Gyawali
Y1  - 2014/04/10
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20140202.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbls.20140202.11
T2  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
SP  - 34
EP  - 39
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-880X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20140202.11
AB  - The role of TORCH infections as a cause of spontaneous abortions is still debatable with conflicting results where geographical variation may play a significant role. This study was undertaken to discover the association of TORCH infections in women with spontaneous abortions by serological testing. The descriptive case control study was conducted from January to December, 2012. A serological evaluation was carried out to determine the presence of Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies, using commercial diagnostic kits by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Mean age of the study and control subjects were 24.8+/-6.4 and 23.8+/-3.8 years respectively where 72.8% of the study subjects were of the age between 20 to 35 years and 23% of the women with spontaneous abortion were below 20 years. Most of the cases were of incomplete abortions (43%) followed by complete abortions (26%). Only 1.3% of both IgG and IgM seropositivity against TORCH agents were noted among the study subjects whereas highest IgG seropositivity was detected with Rubella (86.8%) followed by HSV-I (72.8%). An infection susceptibility rate of 77.9% to Toxoplasma gondii, 11.7% to Rubella, 51.9% to CMV, 36.4% to HSV-I and 84.4% to HSV-II was noted. No significant difference in relation to age and type of abortion was found in seropositivity between the study and the control subjects. This study, probably the first of its kind from Nepal, suggests that current infection with TORCH agents might not be the possible etiology of spontaneous abortion. Serological TORCH screening may not be conclusive.
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Dhruba Acharya

Department of Microbiology, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Kavre, P.O.Box- 11008, Nepal
Abha Shrestha

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Kavre, Nepal
Bikash Bogati

Department of Microbiology, Dhulikhel Hospital-Kathmandu University Hospital, Kavre, Nepal
Kishor Khanal

Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Kavre, Nepal
Shrinkhala Shrestha

Department of Community Programs, Dhulikhel Hospital- Kathmandu University Hospital, Kavre, Nepal
Prabin Gyawali

Department of Biochemistry, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Kavre, Nepal

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APA Style

Dhruba Acharya, Abha Shrestha, Bikash Bogati, Kishor Khanal, Shrinkhala Shrestha, et al. (2014). Serological Screening of TORCH Agents as an Etiology of Spontaneous Abortion in Dhulikhel Hospital, Nepal. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 2(2), 34-39. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20140202.11

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ACS Style

Dhruba Acharya; Abha Shrestha; Bikash Bogati; Kishor Khanal; Shrinkhala Shrestha, et al. Serological Screening of TORCH Agents as an Etiology of Spontaneous Abortion in Dhulikhel Hospital, Nepal. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2014, 2(2), 34-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20140202.11

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AMA Style

Dhruba Acharya, Abha Shrestha, Bikash Bogati, Kishor Khanal, Shrinkhala Shrestha, et al. Serological Screening of TORCH Agents as an Etiology of Spontaneous Abortion in Dhulikhel Hospital, Nepal. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2014;2(2):34-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20140202.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20140202.11,
  author = {Dhruba Acharya and Abha Shrestha and Bikash Bogati and Kishor Khanal and Shrinkhala Shrestha and Prabin Gyawali},
  title = {Serological Screening of TORCH Agents as an Etiology of Spontaneous Abortion in Dhulikhel Hospital, Nepal},
  journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {34-39},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20140202.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20140202.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20140202.11},
  abstract = {The role of TORCH infections as a cause of spontaneous abortions is still debatable with conflicting results where geographical variation may play a significant role. This study was undertaken to discover the association of TORCH infections in women with spontaneous abortions by serological testing. The descriptive case control study was conducted from January to December, 2012. A serological evaluation was carried out to determine the presence of Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies, using commercial diagnostic kits by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Mean age of the study and control subjects were 24.8+/-6.4 and 23.8+/-3.8 years respectively where 72.8% of the study subjects were of the age between 20 to 35 years and 23% of the women with spontaneous abortion were below 20 years. Most of the cases were of incomplete abortions (43%) followed by complete abortions (26%). Only 1.3% of both IgG and IgM seropositivity against TORCH agents were noted among the study subjects whereas highest IgG seropositivity was detected with Rubella (86.8%) followed by HSV-I (72.8%). An infection susceptibility rate of 77.9% to Toxoplasma gondii, 11.7% to Rubella, 51.9% to CMV, 36.4% to HSV-I and 84.4% to HSV-II was noted. No significant difference in relation to age and type of abortion was found in seropositivity between the study and the control subjects. This study, probably the first of its kind from Nepal, suggests that current infection with TORCH agents might not be the possible etiology of spontaneous abortion. Serological TORCH screening may not be conclusive.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Serological Screening of TORCH Agents as an Etiology of Spontaneous Abortion in Dhulikhel Hospital, Nepal
AU  - Dhruba Acharya
AU  - Abha Shrestha
AU  - Bikash Bogati
AU  - Kishor Khanal
AU  - Shrinkhala Shrestha
AU  - Prabin Gyawali
Y1  - 2014/04/10
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20140202.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbls.20140202.11
T2  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
SP  - 34
EP  - 39
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-880X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20140202.11
AB  - The role of TORCH infections as a cause of spontaneous abortions is still debatable with conflicting results where geographical variation may play a significant role. This study was undertaken to discover the association of TORCH infections in women with spontaneous abortions by serological testing. The descriptive case control study was conducted from January to December, 2012. A serological evaluation was carried out to determine the presence of Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies, using commercial diagnostic kits by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Mean age of the study and control subjects were 24.8+/-6.4 and 23.8+/-3.8 years respectively where 72.8% of the study subjects were of the age between 20 to 35 years and 23% of the women with spontaneous abortion were below 20 years. Most of the cases were of incomplete abortions (43%) followed by complete abortions (26%). Only 1.3% of both IgG and IgM seropositivity against TORCH agents were noted among the study subjects whereas highest IgG seropositivity was detected with Rubella (86.8%) followed by HSV-I (72.8%). An infection susceptibility rate of 77.9% to Toxoplasma gondii, 11.7% to Rubella, 51.9% to CMV, 36.4% to HSV-I and 84.4% to HSV-II was noted. No significant difference in relation to age and type of abortion was found in seropositivity between the study and the control subjects. This study, probably the first of its kind from Nepal, suggests that current infection with TORCH agents might not be the possible etiology of spontaneous abortion. Serological TORCH screening may not be conclusive.
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
ER  -

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