Published ahead of print on May 5, 2005, doi:10.1164/rccm.200409-1232OC
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 172. pp. 173-182, (2005)
© 2005 American Thoracic Society
doi: 10.1164/rccm.200409-1232OC
CD14 Tobacco Gene–Environment Interaction Modifies Asthma Severity and Immunoglobulin E Levels in Latinos with Asthma
Shweta Choudhry,
Pedro C. Avila,
Sylvette Nazario,
Ngim Ung,
Jennifer Kho,
Jose R. Rodriguez-Santana,
Jesus Casal,
Hui-Ju Tsai,
Alfonso Torres,
Elad Ziv,
Monica Toscano,
Jody Senter Sylvia,
MariaElena Alioto,
Michael Salazar,
Ivan Gomez,
Joanne K. Fagan,
Jorge Salas,
Craig Lilly,
Henry Matallana,
Richard A. Castro,
Moises Selman,
Scott T. Weiss,
Jean G. Ford,
Jeffrey M. Drazen,
William Rodriguez-Cintron,
Rocio Chapela,
Edwin K. Silverman,
Esteban González Burchard from the Genetics of Asthma in Latino Americans (GALA) Study
University of California–San Francisco; Lung Biology Center, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California; San Juan Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine; Pediatric Pulmonary Program of San Juan, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; The Harlem Lung Center, Harlem Hospital and Columbia University, New York, New York; and Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Esteban González Burchard, M.D., University of California–San Francisco, DNA Bank/Lung Biology Center, San Francisco General Hospital, Bldg. 30, 5th Floor, Room 3501H, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110. E-mail: esteban.burchard{at}ucsf.edu
Background: A recent family-based genomewide screen revealed linkage between the 5q31 region and the diagnosis of asthma, but only in those exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Among the candidate genes in this region is CD14. Methods: To determine whether polymorphisms in the CD14 gene are related to this gene-by-environment interaction in Latinos, we used both family-based and cross-sectional cohort analysis to test for interactions between CD14 genotypes/haplotypes, exposure to ETS, and asthma-related phenotypes in 659 Mexican and Puerto Rican families. Results: We identified 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CD14 gene by sequencing 72 Puerto Ricans, Mexicans, and African Americans with asthma. Three SNPs, –810, –159, and +1437, were further genotyped in families with asthma. Among all subjects with asthma exposed to ETS, without regard to ethnicity, CD14 +1437 genotypes were associated with asthma severity. SNP +1437 GG or GC genotypes were significantly associated with lower baseline FEV1 using both family-based (p = 0.0009) and cross-sectional cohort (p = 0.03) analyses. Subjects with asthma with the GG or GC genotypes who were exposed to ETS had mean baseline FEV1 (% predicted) values 8.6% lower than subjects not exposed to ETS (p = 0.03). As previously observed in whites, we found an interaction between plasma IgE levels, SNP –159 genotypes, and ETS exposure (p = 0.0002). The lowest IgE levels were in those subjects with the TT genotype and who were exposed to ETS regardless of ethnicity. Conclusions: Our data suggest a gene-by-environment interaction between CD14 genotypes and ETS, which affects pulmonary function and IgE levels among Latinos with asthma.
Key Words: asthma genetics • CD14 • gene–environment interaction • IgE • Latinos • tobacco
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