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Chlamydial Antibodies and Risk of Prostate Cancer

¹ National Public Health Institute, Oulu, Finland; ² Helsinki Heart Study, Helsinki, Finland; ³ Janus Serum Bank, Oslo, Norway; ⁴ Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden; ⁵ Norwegian Cancer Registry, Oslo, Norway; ⁶ Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland; ⁷ Department of Urology, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden; ⁸ Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Oulu, Finland; ⁹ Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Malmö, Sweden; and ¹⁰ University of Tampere School of Public Health, Tampere, Finland

Requests for reprints: Matti Hakama, Tampere School of Public Health, University of Tampere, FIN-33014, Finland. Phone: 358-3-2156788; Fax: 358-3-2156057. E-mail: matti.hakama{at}uta.fi

Objective: We assessed the risk of prostate cancer by exposure to Chlamydia trachomatis.

Method: Seven hundred thirty eight cases of prostate cancer and 2,271 matched controls were identified from three serum sample banks in Finland, Norway, and Sweden by linkage to the population based cancer registries.

Results: A statistically significant inverse association (odds ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.51-0.94) was found. It was consistent by different serotypes and there was a consistent dose-response relationship.

Conclusion: C. trachomatis infection is not likely to increase the risk of prostate cancer. Whether the inverse relationship is true or due to difficulties in measuring the true exposure in prostatic tissue by serology, confounders or other sources of error remain open.

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