EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 
Volume 2006 (2006), Article ID 51610, 11 pages
doi:10.1155/WCN/2006/51610

Improving TCP Performance over Wireless Ad Hoc Networks with Busy Tone Assisted Scheme

Qi He,1 Lin Cai,2 Xuemin (Sherman) Shen,3 and Pinhan Ho3

 1Research In Motion (RIM), Ottawa K2K 3K2, ON, Canada
2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria V8W 3P6, BC, Canada
3Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, ON, Canada
Received 1 August 2005; Revised 29 December 2005; Accepted 29 December 2005

Abstract

It is well known that transmission control protocol (TCP) performance degrades severely in IEEE 802.11-based wireless ad hoc networks. We first identify two critical issues leading to the TCP performance degradation: (1) unreliable broadcast, since broadcast frames are transmitted without the request-to-send and clear-to-send (RTS/CTS) dialog and Data/ACK handshake, so they are vulnerable to the hidden terminal problem; and (2) false link failure which occurs when a node cannot successfully transmit data temporarily due to medium contention. We then propose a scheme to use a narrow-bandwidth, out-of-band busy tone channel to make reservation for broadcast and link error detection frames only. The proposed scheme is simple and power efficient, because only the sender needs to transmit two short messages in the busy tone channel before sending broadcast or link error detection frames in the data channel. Analytical results show that the proposed scheme can dramatically reduce the collision probability of broadcast and link error detection frames. Extensive simulations with different network topologies further demonstrate that the proposed scheme can improve TCP throughput by 23% to 150%, depending on user mobility, and effectively enhance both short-term and long-term fairness among coexisting TCP flows in multihop wireless ad hoc networks.