EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing 
Volume 2003 (2003), Issue 10, Pages 993-1000
doi:10.1155/S1110865703304135

Time-Scale Invariant Audio Data Embedding

Mohamed F. Mansour and Ahmed H. Tewfik

 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55414, MN, USA
Received 31 May 2002; Revised 22 December 2002

Abstract

We propose a novel algorithm for high-quality data embedding in audio. The algorithm is based on changing the relative length of the middle segment between two successive maximum and minimum peaks to embed data. Spline interpolation is used to change the lengths. To ensure smooth monotonic behavior between peaks, a hybrid orthogonal and nonorthogonal wavelet decomposition is used prior to data embedding. The possible data embedding rates are between 20 and 30 bps. However, for practical purposes, we use repetition codes, and the effective embedding data rate is around 5 bps. The algorithm is invariant after time-scale modification, time shift, and time cropping. It gives high-quality output and is robust to mp3 compression.