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潜在的有害度の発生を抑える新型高温ガス炉の研究

Study on innovative HTGR to reduce generation of potential radiotoxicity

深谷 裕司   ; 後藤 実  ; 西原 哲夫 

Fukaya, Yuji; Goto, Minoru; Nishihara, Tetsuo

潜在的有害度の発生を抑える高温ガス炉の研究を行った。高速炉やADSによる多重リサイクルのような、核燃料サイクル内に放射性核種を閉じ込め核変換を行うものではなく、核分裂エネルギー発生に伴って生成されるPu, MAの発生を抑え、潜在的有害度の発生自体を低減させる試みである。そのために、Pu, MAの発生源となる$$^{238}$$Uを排除した高濃縮ウラン燃料を用いた高温ガス炉を提案した。一方で、高濃縮ウランを用いることにより懸念される、燃料健全性, 核不拡散性, 核的自己制御性, 経済性の低下もしくは悪化に対して対策を示す必要があり、これらの検討を行った。特に、核的自己制御性に関しては、Erの添加により解決したが、この最適設計点の決定にはボンダレンコのアプローチを用い機構論的かつ定量的にその妥当性を確認しながら決定を行った。その結果、提案炉心はこれらの諸問題を解決しつつ、標準的な高温ガス炉ウラン燃料炉心と同程度の炉心性能及び経済性を持つものであることが確認できた。

A study on innovative High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) to reduce generation of potential radiotoxicity had been performed. Unlike the Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR) and Accelerated Driven System (ADS), which can confine radioactive nuclides into its fuel cycle as multi-recycling and transmute, in this study we attempt to reduce the generation of the radiotoxicity itself by preventing the generation of Pu and MA, which is generated with the energy generation. In this context, we proposed the innovative HTGR that employs the Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) fuel by removing $$^{238}$$U : source of the Pu and MA. However, there are the problems of fuel integrity, nuclear proliferation, nuclear self-regulation characteristics, and economy of electricity generation which are caused by employing HEU. For these problems, we investigated and proposed the solutions. Especially for the nuclear self-regulation characteristics, which were improved by adding Er, the optimized nuclear design was quantitatively determined and elucidated by the Bondarenko approach. As a result, it was confirmed that the proposed reactor can solves these problem for employing HEU fuel and the high specification and economy as same as those of standard HTGR fueled uranium.

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