skip to main content
research-article

"We are no Luddites!" - CSCW, Co-Determination and Digital Transformation in Germany

Published:26 April 2024Publication History
Skip Abstract Section

Abstract

HCI and CSCW have a long-standing interest in the consequences of digital transformation for work practices. A key part of this is its impact on labour relations. While prior HCI studies have examined labour relations in domains such as platform work, few have looked at industrial settings. This paper presents an ethnographic study of works councils in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Germany. Works councils exemplify the principle of Co-Determination, which is the right of employees to participate in the design and management of their workplace and play a vital role in vetting new technologies whenever they imply changes in work practices. A number of issues confront works councils when they attempt to accomplish this, namely a lack of time, knowledge, and external support. We discuss these issues and consider their implications for both design and the constitution of workplace democracy in future industrial settings.

References

  1. Addison, J.T. et al. 2006. The (Parlous) State of German Unions.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  2. Bamber, G. and Lansbury, R. 1986. Codetermination and Technological Change in the German Automobile Industry. New Technology, Work and Employment. 1, 2 (Sep. 1986), 160--171. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.1986.tb00064.x.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  3. Bender, G. and Söderqvist, F. 2022. Human-Centered Automation: Codetermining New Technology in an Innovative Mining Company. Academy of Management Proceedings. 2022, 1 (Aug. 2022), 16086. DOI:https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2022.16086abstract.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  4. Bracht, U. et al. 2018. Digitale Fabrik: Methoden und Praxisbeispiele. Springer Vieweg.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  5. Braun, V. and Clarke, V. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology. 3, 2 (Jan. 2006), 77--101. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  6. Chan, E. et al. 2019. The Promise and Limits of Tailorability for Turkopticon. Companion Publication of the 2019 on Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2019 Companion (New York, NY, USA, Jun. 2019), 141--145.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  7. Cheon, E. et al. 2022. Working with Bounded Collaboration: A Qualitative Study on How Collaboration is Co-constructed around Collaborative Robots in Industry. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction. 6, CSCW2 (Nov. 2022), 369:1--369:34. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/3555094.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  8. Clarke, K. et al. 2003. Dependable Red Hot Action. ECSCW 2003. K. Kuutti et al., eds. Springer Netherlands. 61--80.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  9. Dauth, W. et al. 2017. German Robots -- The Impact of Industrial Robots on Workers. IAB Discussion Paper. 30 (2017), 63.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  10. De Carvalho, A.F.P. et al. 2021. Designing Cyber-Physical Production Systems for Industrial Set-Up: A Practice-Centred Approach. Human-Computer Interaction -- INTERACT 2021. C. Ardito et al., eds. Springer International Publishing. 678--701.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  11. Donaghey, J. and Reinecke, J. 2018. When Industrial Democracy Meets Corporate Social Responsibility - A Comparison of the Bangladesh Accord and Alliance as Responses to the Rana Plaza Disaster. British Journal of Industrial Relations. 56, 1 (2018), 14--42. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/bjir.12242.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  12. Dourish, P. and Bellotti, V. 1992. Awareness and Coordination in Shared Workspaces. Proceedings of the 1992 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work - CSCW '92 (Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1992), 107--114.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  13. Ehn, P. 1988. Work-Oriented Design of Computer Artifact. Arbetslivscentrum.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  14. Elbanna, A. and Newman, M. 2013. The Rise and Decline of the Ethics Methodology of Systems Implementation: Lessons for IS Research. Journal of Information Technology. 28, 2 (Jun. 2013), 124--136. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1057/jit.2013.7.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  15. Ellguth, P. and Kohaut, S. 2015. Tarifbindung und betriebliche Interessenvertretung. WSI-Mitteilungen: Zeitschrift des Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Instituts in der Hans-Böckler-Stiftung. 68, 4 (2015), 290--297.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  16. Ewen, J. et al. 2022. Dynamiken autonomer Arbeitskonflikte im digitalen Kapitalismus: Der Fall ?Gorillas." Technical Report #33/2022. Schriftenreihe Institut Arbeit und Wirtschaft.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  17. Fricke, W. 1986. New Technologies and German Co-Determination. Economic and Industrial Democracy. 7, 4 (Nov. 1986), 541--552. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X8674007.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  18. Fuchsberger, V. et al. 2017. Apply Now! Fictional Job Postings as an Instrument to Discuss Interactive Futures of Work. Proceedings of the 2017 conference on designing interactive systems (2017), 581--586.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  19. Genz, S. et al. 2019. Do German Works Councils Counter or Foster the Implementation of Digital Technologies? Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik. 239, 3 (Jul. 2019), 523--564. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2017-0160.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  20. Georg, A. et al. 2017. Digitalisierungsprozesse und das Handeln von Betriebsräten. Arbeit. 26, 2 (Jan. 2017). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1515/arbeit-2017-0015.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  21. Gilchrist, A. 2016. Industry 4.0: The Industrial Internet of Thing. Apress.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  22. Goyal, D. et al. eds. 2022. Cyber-Physical Systems and Industry 4.0: Practical Applications and Security Management. Apple Academic Press, Inc.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  23. Gray, B. et al. 2020. Made to Work: Mobilising Contemporary Worklives. Routledge.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  24. Greenbaum, J. 1996. Back to Labor: Returning to Labor Process Discussions in the Study of Work. Proceedings of the 1996 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (New York, NY, USA, Nov. 1996), 229--237.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  25. Haipeter, T. 2020. Digitalisation, Unions and Participation: The German Case of ?Industry 4.0.' Industrial Relations Journal. 51, 3 (2020), 242--260. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/irj.12291.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  26. Haipeter, T. et al. 2018. Neue Koordinaten für eine proaktive Betriebspolitik. Erfahrungen aus dem Gewerkschaftsprojekt ?Arbeit 2020 in NRW?. WSI-Mitteilungen. 71, 3 (2018), 219--226. DOI:https://doi.org/10.5771/0342--300X-2018--3--219.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  27. Hinderlich, B. 2008. Betriebliche Mitbestimmung im Wandel. Hampp.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  28. Hoerner, L. et al. 2023. Using Tacit Expert Knowledge to Support Shop-floor Operators Through a Knowledge-based Assistance System. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). 32, 1 (Mar. 2023), 55--91. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-022-09445--4.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  29. Hoffmann, S. et al. 2019. Cyber-Physical Systems for Knowledge and Expertise Sharing in Manufacturing Contexts: Towards a Model Enabling Design. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). 28, 3--4 (Jun. 2019), 469--509. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-019-09355-y.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  30. Holikatti, M. et al. 2019. Learning to Airbnb by Engaging in Online Communities of Practice. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction. 3, CSCW (Nov. 2019), 228:1--228:19. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/3359330.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  31. Irani, L.C. and Silberman, M.S. 2016. Stories We Tell About Labor: Turkopticon and the Trouble with ?Design." Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '16 (Santa Clara, California, USA, 2016), 4573--4586.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  32. Jäger, S. et al. 2022. Codetermination and Power in the Workplace. Journal of Law and Political Economy. 3, 1 (2022). DOI:https://doi.org/10.5070/LP63159039.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  33. Jürgens, U. 2021. Automation, Lean Production, Industrie 4.0: The Trajectory of the German Model. The Journal of Economics. 61, 3--4 (2021), 1--20.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  34. Kinder, E. et al. 2019. Gig Platforms, Tensions, Alliances and Ecosystems: An Actor-Network Perspective. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction. 3, CSCW (Nov. 2019), 212:1--212:26. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/3359314.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  35. Kleinhempel, K. et al. 2015. Industrie 4.0 im Aufbruch? Ein beispielhafter Ausschnitt aus dem betrieblichen Stand. Technical Report #No. 5. Hans-Böckler-Stiftung.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  36. Kleinöder, N. 2016. Humanisierung der Arbeit - Literaturbericht zum ?Forschungsprogramm zur Humanisierung des Arbeitslebens." Technical Report #008. Hans-Böckler-Stiftung.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  37. Kusk, K. and Bossen, C. 2022. Working with Wolt: An Ethnographic Study of Lenient Algorithmic Management on a Food Delivery Platform. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction. 6, GROUP (Jan. 2022), 4:1--4:22. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/3492823.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  38. Lascau, L. et al. 2019. Monotasking or Multitasking: Designing for Crowdworkers' Preferences. Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (New York, NY, USA, May 2019), 1--14.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  39. Leitch, S. and Warren, M.J. 2010. ETHICS: The Past, Present and Future of Socio-Technical Systems Design. History of Computing. Learning from the Past. A. Tatnall, ed. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 189--197.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  40. Lewkowicz, M. and Liron, R. 2019. The Missing ?Turn to Practice" in the Digital Transformation of Industry. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). 28, 3--4 (Jun. 2019), 655--683. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-019-09347-y.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  41. Lucena, H. and Covarrubias, A. 2006. Industrial Relations in Latin America. Global Industrial Relations. M.J. Morley et al., eds. Routledge.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  42. Ludwig, T. et al. 2018. Revive Old Discussions! Socio-technical Challenges for Small and Medium Enterprises within Industry 4.0. (2018). DOI:https://doi.org/10.18420/ecscw2018_15.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  43. Marquis, E.B. et al. 2018. Impacts of Perceived Behavior Control and Emotional Labor on Gig Workers. Companion of the 2018 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (New York, NY, USA, Oct. 2018), 241--244.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  44. Meneweger, T. et al. 2015. Working Together with Industrial Robots: Experiencing Robots in a Production Environment. 2015 24th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN) (Aug. 2015), 833--838.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  45. Mörike, F. 2022. Inverted Hierarchies on the Shop Floor: The Organisational Layer of Workarounds for Collaboration in the Metal Industry. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). 31, 1 (Mar. 2022), 111--147. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-021-09415--2.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  46. Mumford, E. 1993. The Participation of Users in Systems Design: An Account of the Origin, Evolution, and Use of the ETHICS Method. Participatory design: principles and practices. D. Schuler and A. Namioka, eds. L. Erlbaum Associates. 257--270.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  47. Mumford, E. 2006. The Story of Socio-Technical Design: Reflections on Its Successes, Failures and Potential. Information Systems Journal. 16, 4 (2006), 317--342. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365--2575.2006.00221.x.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  48. Nagy, J. et al. 2018. The Role and Impact of Industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things on the Business Strategy of the Value Chain-The Case of Hungary. Sustainability. 10, 10 (Oct. 2018), 3491. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103491.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  49. Niedenhoff, H.-U. 1977. Mitbestimmung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Deutscher Instituts-Verlag.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  50. Oerder, K. et al. 2018. Betriebsrat 4.0 - Digitalisierung aus Sicht der Betriebsräte und deren Potential als Gestalter der digitalen Arbeitswelt in NRW. Technical Report #07. FGW.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  51. Ortmann, G. and Windeler, A. eds. 1989. Umkämpftes Terrain. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  52. P. Eleutério, R. and C.M. Van Amstel, F. 2020. Matters of Care in Designing a Feminist Coalition. Proceedings of the 16th Participatory Design Conference 2020 - Participation(s) Otherwise - Volume 2 (New York, NY, USA, Jun. 2020), 17--20.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  53. Porter, M.E. and Heppelmann, J.E. How Smart, Connected Products Are Transforming Competition.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  54. Qadri, R. 2021. What's in a Network? Infrastructures of Mutual Aid for Digital Platform Workers during COVID-19. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction. 5, CSCW2 (Oct. 2021), 419:1--419:20. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/3479563.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  55. Qiang, Y. 2018. The Fourth Revolution.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  56. Razaq, L. et al. 2022. Making Crafting Visible While Rendering Labor Invisible on the Etsy Platform. Designing Interactive Systems Conference (New York, NY, USA, Jun. 2022), 424--438.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  57. Rosa, H. 2014. From Work-Life to Work-Age Balance? Acceleration, Alienation, and Appropriation at the Workplace. The Impact of ICT on Quality of Working Life. P. Hoonakker and C. Korunka, eds. Springer Netherlands. 43--61.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  58. Rosa, H. and Trejo-Mathys, J. 2013. Social Acceleration: A New Theory of Modernity. Columbia University Press.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  59. Salehi, N. et al. 2015. We Are Dynamo: Overcoming Stalling and Friction in Collective Action for Crowd Workers. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '15 (Seoul, Republic of Korea, 2015), 1621--1630.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  60. Schlaepfer, R. and Radowitz, K. von 2017. Digital Future Readiness - How Do Companies Prepare for the Opportunities and Challenges of Digitalisation?. Deloitte AG.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  61. Schmidt, K. and Bannon, L. 1992. Taking CSCW Seriously: Supporting Articulation Work. Computer Supported Cooperative Work. 1, (Mar. 1992), 7--40.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  62. Silvia, S.J. 2013. Holding the Shop Together. Cornell University Press.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  63. Streeck, W. 1984. Co-Determination: The Fourth Decade. International perspectives on organisational democracy ed. B. Wilpert and A. Sorge. Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  64. Thelen, K. 2018. Regulating Uber: The Politics of the Platform Economy in Europe and the United States. Perspectives on Politics. 16, 4 (Dec. 2018), 938--953. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592718001081.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  65. Thünken, O. et al. 2019. (Ent-)Demokratisierung der Betriebe -- Union Busting und der Kampf um die Mitbestimmung. Nicole Burzan (Hg.) 2019: Komplexe Dynamiken globaler und lokaler Entwicklungen. Verhandlungen des 39. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie in Göttingen 2018. 39, (Oct. 2019).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  66. Tornau, J. 2020. Skrupellos und brutal. Magazin Mitbestimmung der Hans Böckler Stiftung. 02/2020 (2020).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  67. Turner, L. 1992. Democracy at Work: Changing World Markets and the Future of Labor Unions. Cornell Univ. Press, Paperbacks.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  68. Ustundag, A. and Cevikcan, E. 2018. Industry 4.0: Managing The Digital Transformation. Springer International Publishing.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  69. Wurhofer, D. et al. 2018. Reflections on Operators' and Maintenance Engineers' Experiences of Smart Factories. Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Conference on Supporting Groupwork (Sanibel Island Florida USA, Jan. 2018), 284--296.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  70. Yao, Z. et al. 2021. Together But Alone: Atomization and Peer Support among Gig Workers. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction. 5, CSCW2 (Oct. 2021), 391:1--391:29. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/3479535.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library

Index Terms

  1. "We are no Luddites!" - CSCW, Co-Determination and Digital Transformation in Germany

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Login options

    Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

    Sign in

    Full Access

    • Published in

      cover image Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction
      Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction  Volume 8, Issue CSCW1
      CSCW
      April 2024
      6294 pages
      EISSN:2573-0142
      DOI:10.1145/3661497
      Issue’s Table of Contents

      Copyright © 2024 ACM

      Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

      Publisher

      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Publication History

      • Published: 26 April 2024
      Published in pacmhci Volume 8, Issue CSCW1

      Permissions

      Request permissions about this article.

      Request Permissions

      Check for updates

      Qualifiers

      • research-article
    • Article Metrics

      • Downloads (Last 12 months)48
      • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)48

      Other Metrics

    PDF Format

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader