ABSTRACT
Curiosity is generally considered to be a large driver of video game players’ motivation and enjoyment. However, it is unclear how much curiosity is driven by intrinsic personality factors versus the game’s design. We explore this question through the lens of the puzzle game, Monument Valley. We create two categories of puzzles. The first category consists of simple puzzles which can be quickly solved. The second category consists of puzzles recreated from the original game. Using these puzzles, we create an online experiment platform that asks players about their innate curiosity for exploration and problem solving and then asks them to play our puzzles. In a small pilot study of this system, we analyzed the time-spent, clicks, ratings, and survey responses of 10 participants. Surprisingly, we found differences in time-spent even with our short puzzles. We also found that our participants spent the largest amount of time with puzzles that could not be solved. These results suggest future directions for research into how curiosity and persistence may be related in the context of puzzle solving.
Supplemental Material
- Sami Abuhamdeh and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. 2012. The importance of challenge for the enjoyment of intrinsically motivated, goal-directed activities. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 38, 3 (2012), 317–330. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167211427147Google ScholarCross Ref
- Daniel E Berlyne. 1954. An experimental study of human curiosity. British Journal of Psychology 45, 4 (1954), 256. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1954.tb01253.xGoogle ScholarCross Ref
- Robert P Collins, Jordan A Litman, and Charles D Spielberger. 2004. The measurement of perceptual curiosity. Personality and Individual Differences 36, 5 (2004), 1127–1141. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00205-8Google ScholarCross Ref
- Greg Costikyan. 2013. Uncertainty in Games. MIT Press.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Marcello A. Gómez-Maureira and Isabelle Kniestedt. 2018. Games that make curious: An exploratory survey into digital games that invoke curiosity. In International Conference on Entertainment Computing. Springer, 76–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99426-0_7Google ScholarDigital Library
- Marcello A Gómez-Maureira, Isabelle Kniestedt, Max Van Duijn, Carolien Rieffe, and Aske Plaat. 2021. Level design patterns that invoke curiosity-driven exploration: An empirical study across multiple conditions. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CHI PLAY (2021), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1145/3474698Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jesper Juul. 2009. Fear of failing? The many meanings of difficulty in video games. In The Video Game Theory Reader, Bernard Perron and Mark JP Wolf (Eds.). Vol. 2. Routledge, Chapter 12, 237–252.Google Scholar
- Todd B Kashdan, Melissa C Stiksma, David J Disabato, Patrick E McKnight, John Bekier, Joel Kaji, and Rachel Lazarus. 2018. The five-dimensional curiosity scale: Capturing the bandwidth of curiosity and identifying four unique subgroups of curious people. Journal of Research in Personality 73 (2018), 130–149. https://doi.org/10.1037/t74232-000Google ScholarCross Ref
- Jordan A Litman. 2008. Interest and deprivation factors of epistemic curiosity. Personality and Individual Differences 44, 7 (2008), 1585–1595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.01.014Google ScholarCross Ref
- George Loewenstein. 1994. The psychology of curiosity: A review and reinterpretation.Psychological Bulletin 116, 1 (1994), 75. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.116.1.75Google ScholarCross Ref
- J. Derek Lomas, Kenneth Koedinger, Nirmal Patel, Sharan Shodhan, Nikhil Poonwala, and Jodi L. Forlizzi. 2017. Is difficulty overrated? The effects of choice, novelty and suspense on intrinsic motivation in educational games. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1028–1039. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025638Google ScholarDigital Library
- Thomas W Malone. 1981. Toward a theory of intrinsically motivating instruction. Cognitive Science 5, 4 (1981), 333–369. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0504_2Google ScholarCross Ref
- Amanda Markey and George Loewenstein. 2014. Curiosity. In International Handbook of Emotions in Education, Reinhard Pekrun and Lisa Linnenbrink-Garcia (Eds.). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, Chapter 12, 288–245. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.116.1.75Google ScholarCross Ref
- Richard M Ryan, C Scott Rigby, and Andrew Przybylski. 2006. The motivational pull of video games: A self-determination theory approach. Motivation and Emotion 30, 4 (2006), 344–360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-006-9051-8Google ScholarCross Ref
- Jesse Schell. 2008. The Art of Game Design: A Book of Lenses. CRC Press.Google Scholar
- Carolina Islas Sedano, Teemu H. Laine, Mikko Vinni, and Erkki Sutinen. 2007. Where is the answer? The importance of curiosity in pervasive mobile games. In Proceedings of the 2007 Conference on Future Play. 46–53. https://doi.org/10.1145/1328202.1328211Google ScholarDigital Library
- Dave Tach. 2014. Threes!, Monument Valley and more games win Apple Design Awards. https://www.polygon.com/2014/6/3/5776986/games-apple-design-awards-2014 Accessed August 2023.Google Scholar
- Alexandra To, Safinah Ali, Geoff F Kaufman, and Jessica Hammer. 2016. Integrating Curiosity and Uncertainty in Game Design. In Proceedings of the First International Joint Conference of DiGRA and FDG (DiGRA/FDG ’16).Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Towards Understanding the Role of Curiosity in Puzzle Design
Recommendations
The Spheres of Player Motivation: Understanding Players of Digital Games
CHI PLAY '22: Extended Abstracts of the 2022 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in PlayUnderstanding player motivations is crucial for the games industry, as it empowers developers to improve how their games are designed. Each player is different and possesses their own motivations to play. Motivations can vary greatly, ranging from ...
Shinobi Valley: Studying Curiosity For Virtual Spatial Exploration Through A Video Game
CHI PLAY '19 Extended Abstracts: Extended Abstracts of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play Companion Extended AbstractsCuriosity is a strong motivator for human action, but the circumstances under which one becomes curious are not clear. This paper builds on the assumption that video games can be used as a stimulus for the experimental study of curiosity, and forms a ...
Varying Avatar Weight to Increase Player Motivation: Challenges of a Gaming Setup
CHI EA '18: Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsOne fundamental way how players relate to games is through the avatar they are represented by. In this work, we explore the impact of realtime adjustment of avatar appearance (visual body weight) on player motivation in exergames. Our results draw a ...
Comments